Fig 1.
Flowchart of the study selection process for the meta-analysis.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the 12 included studies in this meta-analysis.
Table 2.
Data extraction from the 12 included studies in this meta-analysis.
Table 3.
Data extraction from the 12 included studies in this meta-analysis.
Table 4.
The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment of the included studies in this meta-analysis.
Fig 2.
Risk of neonatal congenital malformations between different groups.
Fig 3.
Risk of neonatal congenital malformations between different groups with exposure only during pregnancy.
Table 5.
The summary outcomes of this meta-analysis (including those of sensitivity analysis).
Table 6.
The summary outcomes of this meta-analysis with exposure only during pregnancy.
(including those of sensitivity analysis).
Table 7.
GRADE for outcomes of this meta-analysis.
Table 8.
GRADE for outcomes of this meta-analysis.
Table 9.
GRADE for outcomes of this meta-analysis with exposure only during pregnancy.
Table 10.
GRADE for outcomes of this meta-analysis with exposure only during pregnancy.