Fig 1.
Stages of the estrous cycle characterized by vaginal cytology.
The phases are characterized by the ratio of cells that are present. Indicated are nucleated epithelial cells (E), cornified squamous epithelial cells (C) and leucocytes (L). Images represent the vaginal flush of lean females under 4x and 10x magnification.
Fig 2.
RPP and (dp/dt)max in establishing the ex vivo mouse model of acute heart failure (AHF) in lean male mice.
Data is expressed as a percentage of baseline (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of each phase. Significance is expressed as **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 versus CAHF; and ###p<0.001 versus RAHF. RPP: rate pressure product, (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity, CAHF: critical acute heart failure, RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 1.
Establishing the ex vivo mouse heart model of AHF (lean male mice).
Fig 3.
Effect of TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max of lean and obese males.
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 vs. TMZ at RAHF (lean males); and #p<0.05; ##p<0.01 vs. TMZ at RAHF (obese males). RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max; index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 2.
The effects of TMZ treatment on lean male hearts subjected to AHF (n = 6).
Table 3.
The effects of TMZ treatment on obese male hearts subjected to AHF (n = 6).
Table 4.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF—Isolated from lean and obese males (n = 6).
Fig 4.
Effect of TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max of lean females (follicular and luteal phase).
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05 vs. control lean follicular females; and #p<0.05 vs. TMZ at RAHF (lean follicular females). RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 5.
Effect of TMZ treatment during the RAHF phase (lean follicular females) (n = 6).
Table 6.
Effect of TMZ treatment during the RAHF phase (lean luteal females) (n = 6).
Fig 5.
Effect TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max (lean vs. obese females).
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05; **p<0.01 vs. control obese females. RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 7.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF—Lean follicular vs. luteal females (n = 6).
Table 8.
Effect of TMZ treatment on hearts subjected to AHF—Obese luteal females (n = 6).
Table 9.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF—Lean vs. obese females (luteal) (n = 6).
Fig 6.
Effect of TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max of lean males vs. lean females (follicular).
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 vs. TMZ-treated lean males (initiated during RAHF); and #p<0.05; ###p<0.001 vs. TMZ-treated lean males (initiated during CAHF). RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 10.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF—Lean males vs. lean females (follicular) (n = 6).
Fig 7.
Effect of TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max of lean males vs. lean females (luteal).
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 vs. TMZ at RAHF lean males, #p<0.05; ##p<0.01 vs. TMZ at CAHF lean males; and $<0.05 vs. control lean males. RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 11.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF—Lean males vs. lean females (luteal) (n = 6).
Fig 8.
Effect of TMZ treatment on RPP and (dp/dt)max of obese males and females (luteal).
(A) RPP (B) (dp/dt)max (n = 6). Data represent the last ten minutes of the RAHF phase and expressed as a fold recovery from the previous CAHF phase. Significance is expressed as *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. TMZ at RAHF for obese males; and #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 vs. TMZ at RAHF for obese females. RPP: rate pressure product; (dp/dt)max: index of myocardial contraction velocity; CAHF: critical acute heart failure; RAHF: recovery acute heart failure.
Table 12.
Comparison of TMZ effects on hearts subjected to AHF–obese males vs. obese females (luteal) (n = 6).
Table 13.
AHF ex vivo model–underlying features.