Fig 1.
Study area and collection sites for Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles darlingi, and Anopheles albimanus across the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú endemic region (UCS), Colombia.
Table 1.
Summary of mosquito collection data at 40 localities of Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú region, Colombia.
Fig 2.
Showing environmental suitability for the three Colombian main malaria vectors across the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú endemic region. Red circles indicate location of the records used for model calibration and green squares indicate absence records.
Fig 3.
Loading plot from a principal component analysis using NDVI values for the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú region of Colombia.
Black bars indicate the relationship (positive or negative) of the principal components with the dates of the NDVI values. Black line represents the average monthly rainfall for the study area (data from Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia IDEAM, Octubre 2016).
Fig 4.
Results of the principal component analysis.
Based on NDVI values for the Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú region of Colombia. Blue circles indicate NDVI values for sites across the study area. Other colored circles represent NDVI values for occurrence data for the main malaria vectors An. nuneztovari, An. albimanus, and An. darlingi. Red arrows indicate regions of available, but unoccupied environmental space. Box plots represent NDVI values in those unoccupied areas of environmental space (1 and 2).
Fig 5.
NDVI values at all occurrence sites for the three malaria vectors in northern Colombia.
The black dots represent specific NDVI values corresponding to mosquito collection dates.
Fig 6.
Environmental space modeled in NicheA.
Visualization in three dimensions in terms of principal components 1, 2 and 3; ecological niche models were displayed as minimum-volume ellipsoids used to illustrate limits of environmental distributions. The background cloud (in gray), was derived from a random sample of 3000 random points from across the study area.