Fig 1.
Longitudinal sections of caulis and characteristics of phyllotactic patterns.
A, characteristics of opposite decussate phyllotaxy; B, swapping between opposite decussate and spiral phyllotaxy; C, characteristics of spiral phyllotaxy; D, the ratio of opposite decussate and spiral phyllotaxy in different sampling positions.
Table 1.
Summary of the sequencing and assembly results.
Fig 2.
Homology analysis of the assembled unigenes against different databases.
(A), the number distribution of unigenes using different annotation with a cut-off E-value of 1 e-5; (B), E-value distribution of top hits for each unigene.
Fig 3.
Hierarchical cluster and analysis for putative DEGs between both of node regions.
(A), a heat-map profile of various families with different expression characteristics; (B), FDR analysis between both of node regions; (C), high transcripts of DEGs involved into top-10 hits of different metabolism pathways.
Fig 4.
GO terms enriched for the upregulated (A) and downregulated (B) DEGs. The network graphs of the overrepresented GO terms for the combined clusters of DEGs. Colored nodes represented GO terms that were significantly overrepresented. The colors were shaded according to the significance level as shown in the color bar.
Fig 5.
Heat maps presenting absolute expression values (RPM, reads per million reads mapped) for auxin-related genes related to auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling.
S1-S4 represented different node regions of Antirrhinum phyllotaxy, respectively. UniProt IDs were shown in the last lane of each table.
Fig 6.
Heat maps showing absolute expression values for plant-hormone genes.
S1-S4 indicates different stages of phyllotactic patterns, respectively. UniProt IDs were shown in the last lane of tables.
Fig 7.
Expression profiles of carbohydrate metabolism-related transcripts in the simplified starch and sucrose metabolism pathways.
A, The transcript of each gene was calculated and normalized based on RPM value. The red and blue boxes indicated the up-regulated and down-regulated enzymes, respectively. The gray boxes meant no significant transcription difference (p < 0.05, n = 3) and the white boxes represented these enzymes not detected in this study. The digitals in the upper or lower half of boxes were the EC numbers and the expression levels of unigenes from S1 to S4, respectively. B, The transcript levels of the selected unigenes related to the carbohydrate metabolism using qRT-PCR. SPS, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase; SS-S, Sucrose Synthase-Synthesis; SS-C, Sucrose Synthase-Cleavage; HEX, hexokinase.
Fig 8.
Distribution and expression profiles of Antirrhinum TFs at different node regions.
(A) Distribution and type of TFs in S1; (B) Distribution and type of the TFs in S2; (C) Distribution and type of TFs in S3; (D) Distribution and type of TFs in S4; (E) Distribution and type of the differentially expressed TFs in different nodes; (E) The transcript profiles of the selected TFs investigated by qRT-PCR. Each point was the mean of three determinations. Vertical bars represented the standard error of the mean (n = 3).