Table 1.
Database search strategy.
Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 2.
Downs and Black methodological quality.
Table 3.
Data extracted from the included studies.
Table 4.
Results of included studies.
Fig 2.
Length of stay for RCTs meta-analysis.
Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; IV, inverse variance; RCT, randomized clinical trial; Std, standardized.
Fig 3.
Length of stay for prospective and quasi-experimental studies meta-analysis.
Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; IV, inverse variance; Std, standardized.
Table 5.
Adverse effects associated with included studies.