Fig 1.
Effects of somatostatin analogs on kidney weight per body weight, cyst area, and renal function.
Male PCK rats were assigned randomly to 4 groups (n = 6 per each): treated with 8 mg/kg octreotide long-acting release alone (OCT), 8 mg/kg pasireotide long-acting release alone (PAS), co-application of both (OCT/PAS), or vehicle (microparticles liquid; CONT) from 4 to 16 weeks of age. Kidney weight per body weight (KB %, A), cyst area (% of total field, B), and serum urea nitrogen (SUN, mg/dL, C) of individual kidneys are shown by scattered plots. Difference between CONT and each drug-treated group, *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01. Comparison between OCT and PAS or OCT/PAS, $: P < 0.05, $ $: P < 0.01. There was no statistically significant difference between the PAS and OCT/PAS groups in each measurement.
Fig 2.
Effects of somatostatin analogs on representative kidney sections, serum IGF-1 levels, renal IGF-1R, and ERK activity.
Representative kidney sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin in each group (n = 6 per each, A). Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels (ng/mL, B). The parameters are expressed as mean ± SD. Difference between CONT and each drug-treated group, **: P < 0.01. Comparison between OCT and OCT/PAS in PCK males, $: P < 0.05, $ $: P < 0.01. Comparison between PAS alone and OCT/PAS in PCK males, #: P < 0.05. Immunoblots were probed with an antibody to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) or IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) (C), and an antibody to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or phosphorylated-ERK (pERK) (E). IGF-1R/GAPDH (D) and pERK/ERK (F) ratios were determined from density analysis of the bands. The parameters are expressed as mean ± SD. Difference between CONT and each drug-treated group, *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01.
Table 1.
Effects of somatostatin analogs on food intake, body weight, wet kidney weight.
Table 2.
Effect of somatostatin analogs on renal tissue cAMP content.
Fig 3.
Distribution of pERK-, pS6-, and Ki67-positive cells in kidneys of somatostatin analog-treated PCK rats.
Kidney sections were stained with an antibody to pERK (A), pS6 (B), and Ki67 (C), respectively. Nuclei of positive cells are stained as brown with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine, whereas nuclei of negative cells appear blue due to counterstaining with hematoxylin.
Table 3.
Percentage of pERK-, pS6-, and Ki67-positive cells in somatostatin analog-treated kidneys.
Table 4.
Effects of somatostatin analogs on serum glucose, insulin, glucagon and cortisol levels.