Fig 1.
Humphrey visual field (HFA) 24–2 test points and corresponding retinal locations.
(A) An example of HFA 24–2 test results. The circle indicates the area within 10° eccentricity. In this case, central and peripheral mean visual field sensitivities were 27.8 dB and 27.4 dB, respectively. (B) A retinal thickness map generated by optical coherence tomography showing the relationship between visual field test points and the area of retinal thickness measurement. White dots show HFA 24–2 test points. The black circle (diameter = 6 mm) corresponds to the area of 10° eccentricity.
Table 1.
Comparison of factors between glaucomatous eyes with ERM and MH.
Fig 2.
Longitudinal changes in parameters of glaucomatous eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular hole (MH).
(A) Best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR). (B) Intraocular pressure. (C) Ganglion cell complex thickness. Estimated marginal means from the linear mixed-effects models are plotted for each session of visual field testing. Error bars = 95% confidence interval.
Fig 3.
A representative case of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a glaucomatous eye which showed worsening of the central visual field after vitrectomy.
A 77-year-old man underwent vitrectomy in his right eye. (A) The preoperative visual field test showed glaucomatous changes (i.e. superior and inferior arcuate defects and superior paracentral scotoma). The mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were -10.2 dB and 8.7 dB, respectively. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) image shows an ERM. (B) A visual field test at the first postoperative session (7 months after surgery) revealed decreased sensitivity especially in the central area. The MD and PSD were -16.7 dB and 11.7 dB, respectively. The ERM was successfully removed and his visual acuity had improved to 0.8 from 0.6. (C) A visual field test and an OCT image at the second postoperative session (10 months after surgery). The MD and PSD were -16.2 dB and 12.9 dB, respectively. The worsening of his central visual field sensitivity persisted. (Left) gray-scale plots. (Middle) visual field sensitivity (dB) at each test point. (Right) OCT images from a vertical scan through the fovea.
Fig 4.
Mean retinal sensitivity changes at each test point of the Humphrey visual field 24–2 program in glaucomatous eyes.
The 12 central boxes surrounded by bold lines are located within 10° eccentricity. The red boxes indicate significantly deteriorated points and the blue boxes indicate points that were significantly ameliorated at both postoperative test sessions. (A) 1st postoperative session. (B) 2nd postoperative session. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (dB). *P <0.05, **P <0.01. The diagonal lines indicate blind spots.
Fig 5.
Longitudinal changes in visual field parameters of glaucomatous eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM) and macular hole (MH).
(A) Central mean visual field sensitivity. (B) Peripheral mean visual field sensitivity. (C) Mean deviation. (D) Pattern standard deviation. Estimated marginal means from the linear mixed-effects models are plotted for each session of visual field testing. Error bars = 95% confidence interval.
Fig 6.
Comparisons of longitudinal changes in parameters between glaucoma and control groups.
(A) Best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR). (B) Intraocular pressure. (C) Ganglion cell complex thickness. Estimated marginal means from the linear mixed-effects models are plotted for each session of visual field testing. Error bars = 95% confidence interval.
Fig 7.
Comparisons of longitudinal changes in visual field parameters between glaucoma and control groups.
(A) Central mean visual field sensitivity; (B) Peripheral mean visual field sensitivity; (C) Mean deviation; (D) Pattern standard deviation. Estimated marginal means from the linear mixed-effects models are plotted for each session of visual field testing. Error bars = 95% confidence interval.
Table 2.
Influence of glaucoma on longitudinal changes in parameters of all eyes (n = 99).
Table 3.
Factors influencing central and peripheral MVFS over time in glaucomatous eyes.