Fig 1.
Phenotypes of vegetative (G1), undifferentiated (G2) and differentiated (G3) Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA in potato dextrose agar plates.
G1: Culturing 36 hours post-inoculation while sealing the plate with a layer of preservative film. G2: Culturing 60 hours post-inoculation while sealing the plate with a layer of preservative film continuously. G3: Culturing 60 hours post-inoculation without sealing the plate beginning from 48 hours to 60 hours (the preservative film was removed at 48 hours). Differentiated sclerotia were formed in G3 due to unlimited aeration. After 48 hours of growth, the mycelia reached the edge of the Petri dish, but at 60 hours, the mycelia remained undifferentiated in G2 due to isolated aeration.
Fig 2.
Score plots derived from principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).
(A): Score plots based on the first two components (PC1 vs PC2) derived from the PCA results. (B), (C) and (D): Score plots based on the first two latent components derived from the corresponding PLS-DA model for the three comparisons (G2 vs G1, G3 vs G1 and G3 vs G2). According to the paired comparison, the separation between every two groups was clear. The R2X, R2Y, Q2Y and RMSEE values in the PLS-DA models for groups G2 and G1 were 65.1%, 97.6%, 93.9% and 0.022, respectively. The R2X, R2Y, Q2Y and RMSEE values in the PLS-DA models for groups G3 and G1 were 71.7%, 98.9%, 97.1% and 0.012, respectively. The R2X, R2Y, Q2Y and RMSEE values in the PLS-DA models for groups G3 and G2 were 61.5%, 98.1%, 87.8% and 0.02, respectively. The ellipse for each group represented Hotelling’s T2 95% confidence interval.
Table 1.
Identification of the metabolites.
Table 2.
Concentration ratio of the same metabolite compared among mycelium groups.
Fig 3.
Bar plots of the significantly altered concentration ratio of the same metabolite compared among mycelium groups.
(A): Metabolites with increased concentrations in both mature groups. (B): Metabolites with increased concentrations in the undifferentiated group but decreased concentrations in the differentiated group. G21: Each value represents the ratio of the average concentration of a given metabolite in group 2 divided by the average concentration of the same metabolite in group 1. G31 and G32: Each value represents the ratio of the average concentration of a given metabolite in group 3 divided by the average concentration of the same metabolite in groups 1 and 2, respectively. **: p-value < 0.01. *: p-value < 0.05. The black vertical line indicates a fold change equal to 1.