Table 1.
Study sites, sex, age and number of calls for each study subject.
Table 2.
MANOVA comparing source- and filter-related acoustic features between male and female African elephant social rumbles.
Fig 1.
Comparison of a female (left, Chikwenya) and a male (right, Mike) African elephant.
The spectrogram and power spectra below the photograph provide an example of a social rumble of each sex, indicating formant positions (rumbles uttered first by Chikwenya, followed by Mike).