Fig 1.
Conceptual diagram of the integration of TIM and MCnest.
Circles show qualitative groups of data inputs with (non-exhaustive) examples of types of data in each group. Arcs illustrate data inputs to each model. Rectangles with arrows illustrate dynamic models running over the course of an avian breeding season in response to (user-designed) specific insecticide use patterns.
Table 1.
Species modeled.
Table 2.
Insecticides considered in this analysis.
Application rates, numbers and intervals are based on representative product labels.
Table 3.
Primary toxicity values for insecticides modeled using TIM/MCnest.
Table 4.
Parameters included in sensitivity analysis.
Fig 2.
Comparison of predicted mortality between chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb.
Vertical axis represents the model prediction for the proportional mortality to simulated birds.
Fig 3.
Percent reduction in fecundity for four early-nesting species with first application date occurring on 20 May.
Fig 4.
Percent reduction in fecundity for four late-nesting species with first application date occurring on 20 May.
Fig 5.
Percent reduction in fecundity for four early-nesting species with first application date occurring on 20 July.
Fig 6.
Percent reduction in fecundity for four late-nesting species with first application date occurring on 20 July.
Fig 7.
Average R2 for linear regressions of fecundity on 13 model parameters averaged across four different first application dates (May 20, June 20, July 20, and August 20).
Fig 8.
Average R2 for linear regressions of fecundity on 13 model parameters averaged across seven pesticides.