Fig 1.
Circular representation of the Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 chromosome (A) and 5 plasmids (B).
(A) The circles from outside to inside are the annotated CDS elements in forward orientation, the annotated CDS elements in the reverse orientation, several COG functions, the structural RNA, the GC content and the GC screw. (B) The circles from outside to inside of each plasmid are the annotated CDS elements in forward orientation, the annotated CDS elements in the revers orientation, several COG functions, the GC content and the GC screw.
Fig 2.
Mauve visualization of whole genome alignment of L. pentosus MP-10 with L. pentosus IG1 and L. pentosus KCA1 (A) and the phylogenetic tree (B).
Fig 3.
Localization of CRISPR elements and prophage regions in L. pentosus MP-10 genome.
(A) Schematic view of the genomic locations of CRISPR arrays (CR) numbered according to the CRISPRdb database. The locations of associated cas Operons (CRISPR1 and CRISPR2) and prophage regions (Region 1, Region 2, Region 3, Region 4 and Region 5), which are numbered according to PHAST are indicated. The asteriscs indicated the questionable CRISPR arrays. (B) Organization of the cas operons (CRISPR1 and CRISPR2) of L. pentosus MP-10 and L. pentosus KCA1. The same color was used for homologous cas genes. The start and end positions are indicated in each case.
Table 1.
Characteristics of CRISPR arrays detected in Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 and other lactobacilli genomes by using CRISPR finder program.
Table 2.
Characteristics of spacers from CRISPR arrays in Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 genome as revealed by CRISPRTarget program.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic relationships of L. pentosus inferred from the alignment of the CRISPR-associated proteins encoding genes [cse1 (A) and cse2 (B)].
The sequences were aligned and the most parsimonious phylogenetic trees were constructed using the CLUSTAL W of Lasergene program, version 14 (MegAlign 14, Inc., Madison, WI, USA). The scale below indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions. Accession numbers are indicated in parentheses.
Table 3.
Characterization of transposase and transposon elements predicted in Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 genome.
Fig 5.
Phylogenetic relationships of L. pentosus and L. plantarum inferred from the alignment of the transposase encoding genes.
The sequences were aligned and the most parsimonious phylogenetic trees were constructed using the CLUSTAL W of Lasergene program, version 14 (MegAlign 14, Inc., Madison, WI, USA). The scale below indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions. Accession numbers are indicated in parentheses.
Table 4.
Description of prophage regions detected in L. pentosus MP-10 genome by using the PHAST bioinformatic tool.
Fig 6.
Screening of the whole genome of Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 by using the perfect and strict algorithms in the Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) with overall resistance in the center, resistance classes in the middle, and individual resistance genes on the outer (open reading frames).
Table 5.
Characterization of virulence determinants predicted in Lactobacillus pentosus MP-10 genome against the MvirDB database of virulence factors.