Table 1.
Number of scientists, fraction of the Total Collaboration Network (TCN) they represent and proportion of women for each of the eight major fields.
The abbreviations are the same as in Table 2.
Fig 1.
a) Distribution of the number of collaborators for men (blue squares) and women (red asterisks). The distributions are fitted with a truncated power law, P(k) = Ak−αe−k/β, plotted as dashed lines with colors corresponding to data points. The best fit is obtained for α = 1.53, and β = 85.4 and β = 49.5, for men and women, respectively, with r-squared 0.996 for men and 0.999 for women. b) Distribution of the number of recurrent collaborations between scientists (weights) for men (blue squares) and women (red asterisks). Solid lines are power-law fits, P(w) = Bw−λ, with colors corresponding to data points. For men, λ = 2.86 ± 0.04, while for women λ = 3.17 ± 0.06. With r-squared 0.997 for men and 0.996 for women.
Table 2.
Mean number of collaborators and published papers for men and women for each of the eight major fields: Agricultural Sciences (AGR), Applied Social Sciences (SOC), Biological Sciences (BIO), Exact and Earth Sciences (EXA), Humanities (HUM), Health Sciences (HEA), Engineering (ENG) and Linguistics and Arts (LIN).
Fig 2.
Mean values of the g-ratio across fields.
Same abreviations for the fields as in Table 2. Blue (left) and red (right) bars represent values for men and women, respectively. Yellow triangles show the fraction of women working in the respective field. The error bars are smaller than 0.1% (see Table 3).
Table 3.
Average g-ratio for men and women for the eight major fields.
Same abreviations for the fields as in Table 2.
Fig 3.
Relation between the g-ratio and the number of collaborators for Biological Sciences (BIO, main plot) and Engineering (ENG, inset) for women (red stars) and men (blue circles).
Lines represent the fraction of women in the respective field. Men are more likely to collaborate with other men than with their female peers. For Engineering, the g-ratio is even above the fraction of women in the field. Error bars indicate the standard error for each bin.
Table 4.
Average m-ratio for men and women for the eight major fields.
The first two columns are obtained from Eq (2), where the sum in the numerator is over all co-authors with different major field, while, for the last two is over all co-authors without any field in common. Same abreviations for the fields as in Table 2.
Fig 4.
Dependence of the m-ratio on the number of collaborators in Biological Sciences (BIO, main plot) and Exact and Earth Sciences (EXA, inset) for women (red starts) and men (blue circles).
Except for Exact and Earth Sciences (see inset), there is only a slight difference regarding multidisciplinary collaborations. Error bars indicate the standard error for each bin.