Fig 1.
Location of Liverpool city and LED index values at LSOA level, shown over a Stamen Terrain base map (base map tiles by Stamen Design, under a CC BY 3.0, data by OpenStreetMap, under CC BY SA).
Table 1.
Accuracy assessment of GE image classification results.
Table 2.
Remote sensing derived variables and descriptions.
Table 3.
Rotated factor loadings (orthogonal Varimax rotation) of image spectral, texture and structure variables.
Table 4.
Regression coefficients.
Fig 2.
Feature importance plot (Random Forest).
Fig 3.
Partial dependence plots for the four most relevant variables (Gradient Boost Regressor): RSF, percentage of vegetation and water, and RMM.
Fig 4.
Cross-validated R2 (median values in parenthesis).