Table 1.
Characteristics of the 122 study dogs.
Cases are dogs with confirmed CaOx urolithiasis, and controls are stone-free as determined by abdominal radiography. Age at the time of urine sampling is reported as mean ± standard deviation, and weight is reported as median (range).
Table 2.
Urinary element-to-creatinine ratios in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis (cases) and stone-free controls.
Values are reported in mg/g for urinary Ca/Cre and μg/g for the other urinary element-to-creatinine ratios.
Table 3.
Reduced multivariable regression models for the effects of CaOx stone status and environmental factors on log-transformed urinary element-to-creatinine ratios (Ca/Cre, Co/Cre, Cu/Cre, Fe/Cre and V/Cre).
For variables with 1 degree of freedom, the status corresponding to the estimate is in parentheses.
Fig 1.
Box and whisker plots of urinary A) calcium-to-creatinine (Ca/Cre, mg/g), B) cobalt-to-creatinine (Co/Cre, μg/g), C) copper-to-creatinine (Cu/Cre, μg/g), and D) iron-to-creatinine (Fe/Cre, μg/g), and E) vanadium-to-creatinine (V/Cre, μg/g) ratios for dogs with a history of CaOx stones (cases) and stone-free dogs (controls).
The boxes represent the interquartile range (25th– 75th percentile), the horizontal line within the boxes represents the median, and the whisker bars extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range. Raw and log-transformed data are shown.
Table 4.
Heat map of correlation coefficients between urinary metals in dogs with and without CaOx urolithiasis.
Correlation coefficients in bold font had p-values < 0.05.