Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical assessment of participants.
Fig 1.
Cortical representation of brain networks identified in an independent component analysis.
SMN: sensorimotor network; aDMN: anterior default-mode network; pDMN: posterior default-mode network; RFPN: Right frontoparietal network; LFPN: Left frontoparietal network; SN: Salience network; ECN: Executive control network; AN: Audio network; VN: Visual network; CN: Cerebellum network. L: left; R: right. Color bar represents the t values ranging from 5 to 15. Data are displayed on the lateral, medial surfaces of each hemisphere.
Fig 2.
Brain regions with significant differences between PSPD patients and HCs in the intra-network connectivity without (a) and with (b) removal of the effect of age and gender. aDMN: anterior default-mode network; SMN: sensorimotor network; SN: Salience network. Red and blue denote higher and lower coactivations, respectively, in PSPD patients as compared to HCs, and the color bars indicate t-value (P < 0.001 and cluster size > 270 mm3, uncorrected).
Table 2.
Regions showing significantly different coactivations within RSNs between groups.
Fig 3.
Inter-network function changes between groups (a) and the quantitative display of differences (b). SMN: sensorimotor network; DMN: Default-mode network; LFPN: Left frontoparietal network; RFPN: Right frontoparietal network; SN: Salience network; ECN: Executive control network; AN: Audio network; VN: Visual network; CN: Cerebellum network. @ represents that the DMN is the combination of aDMN and pDMN. The blue line between DMN and VN represents the connectivity between aDMN and VN, and the blue line between DMN and ECN represents the connectivity between pDMN and ECN. The y-coordinate in the subfigure b indicates z-score. Red and blue denote higher and lower FNC, respectively, in PSPD patients as compared to HCs, and the color bars indicate t-value (*indicate P < 0.05 and **indicate P < 0.01, FDR corrected).
Fig 4.
Significantly negative correlations between FC and clinical assessments.
mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; SMN: sensorimotor network; aDMN: anterior default-mode network; pDMN: posterior default-mode network; ECN: Executive control network; VN: Visual network (P < 0.05, uncorrected).
Fig 5.
Permutation test in the intra- (a) and inter-network (b) connectivity. a: yellow circle represents the brain regions with between-group difference in intra-network. Hot and blue color show the higher and lower coactivations within network in the PSPD group compared with HCs, respectively. Color bar represents the p value (FWE corrected). b: the x and y coordinates represent the brain network. Color bar represents p value (uncorrected). L: left; R: right. aDMN: anterior default-mode network; SMN: sensorimotor network; SN: Salience network.