Table 1.
Laboratory assessment of HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis.
Fig 1.
Distribution of HIV-infected patients in whom cytokine production assays were performed. Abbreviations: CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Fig 2.
Changes in CSF cytokine levels (pg/mL) at admission (baseline), week 2, week 10 and week 16 on ART.
Data are shown as boxes: internal horizontal lines, medians; top and bottom of boxes, 25th and 75th percentiles; upper and lower bars, 10th and 90th percentiles. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. The symbols (*p<0.05) reflect statistical analyses based on comparisons of the four time points. Abbreviations: BL, Baseline; Wk2, week 2; Wk10, week 10; Wk16, week 16.
Fig 3.
Changes in serum cytokine levels (pg/mL) at admission (baseline), week 2, week 10 and week 16 on ART.
Data are shown as boxes: internal horizontal lines, median; top and bottom of boxes, 25th and 75th percentiles; upper and lower bars, 10th and 90th percentiles. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. The symbols (*p<0.05) reflect statistical analyses based on comparisons of the four time points. Abbreviations: BL, Baseline; Wk2, week 2; Wk10, week 10; Wk16, week 16.
Fig 4.
IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 release.
PBMCs (2 x 106 cells/mL) from HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM+ HIV+) stimulated with 10 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 10 mg/mL of GXM for 48 h or treated with a control were evaluated at various times during treatment. Control groups: HIV patients without cryptococcosis (CM- HIV+) and HIV-negative individuals (CM- HIV-). Statistically significant differences are marked with * (p <0.05, Mann-Whitney test). Abbreviations: BL, Baseline; Wk2, week 2; Wk10, week 10; Wk16, week 16.
Fig 5.
IL-12p40, TNF-α, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and CXCL-10 release.
PBMCs (2 x 106 cells/mL) from HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM+ HIV+) stimulated with 10 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 10 mg/mL of GXM for 48 h or treated with a control were evaluated at various times during treatment. Control groups: HIV patients without cryptococcosis (CM- HIV+) and HIV-negative individuals (CM- HIV-). Statistically significant differences are marked with * (p <0.05, Mann-Whitney test). Abbreviations: BL, Baseline; Wk2, week 2; Wk10, week 10; Wk16, week 16.