Fig 1.
Geometrical relations between stimulus and observer.
(A) Example of a rectangular stimulus shown from the middle of the short wall. The dimensions of the display and the 3D room are indicated via the arrows. Note that the depth dimension (9.6m) is not entirely visible from this displayed orientation: participants had to rotate their viewpoint to apprehend the entire room size using a joypad. (B) Plan view showing the observer in relation to the display. The geometrical field of view of the image displayed on the screen matched the observer’s field of view (53.5°), so that the computer screen acted as a “window” onto the virtual room, i.e. the displayed image is a 2D projection of what the participant would have seen if they were seated at the back wall of the virtual room.
Fig 2.
PSE differences for German and South Korean volume judgments of rectangular rooms of ratio 1:2 and 1:3 viewed from viewpoints 1 and 2.
Viewpoints were located at the middle position of the short wall (position 1) or long wall (position 2) of the rooms. The y axis shows the difference between the PSE of rectangular and square rooms. PSE differences higher vs. lower than 0 mean volume judgments are biased, with rectangular rooms being judged as smaller vs. larger than a square room of equal volume. Error bars represent +- SE.
Fig 3.
The yaw rotation range for each culture and each rectangularity.
The rectangular rooms shown along the x axis depict the three room ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) from the two viewpoints (position 1 and 2), giving a total of 5 ratios from the observer’s perspective. Error bars represent +- SE.