Table 1.
Demographic information and taxonomy according to Bunch and Chapman [54] for all participants.
Fig 1.
Acoustic spectrogram (window length 1024 frames, 65 dB dynamic range, A and B), time-varying fundamental frequency (ƒo and its first derivative Δƒo, C and D), dEGG Wavegram (E and F), cycle based (c) and windows based (w) Fourier Descriptors Sample Entropy (FDSE) (G and H), and summary of glottal opening and closure patterns (I and J) for participants S4 (first passaggio) and S1 (second passaggio).
Fig 2.
Acoustic spectrogram (window length 1024 frames, 65 dB dynamic range, A and B), time-varying fundamental frequency (ƒo and its first derivative Δƒo, C and D), dEGG Wavegram (E and F), cycle based (c) and windows based (w) Fourier Descriptors Sample Entropy (FDSE) (G and H), and summary of glottal opening and closure patterns (I and J) for participants S8 (first passaggio) and S4 (second passaggio).
Fig 3.
Perceptual rating for the acoustic signal versus the windows based Fourier Descriptors Sample Entropy (FDSEw) for the first and second passaggio, respectively (A and B). The participant IDs are indicated within the data points. The lines and equations refer to the first order polynomial regression fits.
Fig 4.
Boxplots for the glottal area waveform (GAW) based open quotient (OQ) in relation to the 25ms windows for the first (A) and second passaggio (B). The window 0 refers to the window where the maximum windows based Fourier Descriptors Sample Entropy (FDSEw) occurred. Figs C and D show the “between-window” OQGAW changes for all participants’ first (C) and second passaggio (D), respectively.
Fig 5.
Windows based Fourier Descriptors Sample Entropy (FDSEw) versus the standard deviation of the delta open quotient calculated from the glottal area wave form (ΔOQGAW) for the first and second passaggio, respectively (A and B). The participant IDs are indicated within the data points. The lines and equations refer to the first order polynomial regression fits.