Fig 1.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Table 1.
Characteristics of all study patients with and without pre-existing DM at COPD diagnosis (n = 2015).
Fig 2.
Adjusted Kaplan–Meier curves for survival in all COPD patients with and without pre-existing DM (n = 2015).
aAdjusted for age, gender, comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, and coronary artery disease) and concomitant medications (ACEI/ARB, calcium channel blocker, and statin). ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Table 2.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for mortality in all COPD patients (n = 2015).
Table 3.
Comparison of features between COPD patients with and without incident DM (n = 1568).
Table 4.
Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to identify clinical factors associated with incident DM among COPD patients (n = 1568).
Fig 3.
Cumulative hazard rate of incident DM in COPD patients according to comorbidity status (n = 1568).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.
Table 5.
Comparison of features between COPD patients with incident DM and matched controls.
Fig 4.
Kaplan-Meier curves for survival in COPD patients with incident DM and matched controls.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus.