Fig 1.
Common postures adopted by vineyard-worker posture during pruning (A). Cep vine before (B) and after pruning (C).
Table 1.
Characteristics of the vineyard-workers.
Fig 2.
Schematic representation of the low back pressure pain threshold recording grid of the left (blank square) and right (black squares) erector spinae muscles.
d1 represents the distance between the first (L1) and the fifth (L5) lumbar vertebrae. d2 equals one fourth of d1.
Fig 3.
Graphical representation of cut-off angles (i.e. >30°, >60° and >90°) for trunk forward bending.
Fig 4.
Graphical representation of cut-off angles (i.e. >10° and >30°) for trunk rotation.
Fig 5.
Pruning boxplot of the percentage of time spent at each cut-off angles for trunk forward bending *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001.
Fig 6.
Pruning boxplot of the percentage of time spent at each cut-off angles for trunk rotation *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; ***: P < 0.001.
Table 2.
Correlation coefficient (rho-Spearman) calculated for pressure pain thresholds (PPT, kPa) and low back pain (LBP, 0–10 scale) intensity for trunk flexion and trunk rotation cut-off angles.
Table 3.
Pressure pain thresholds (PPT, kPa) and low back pain intensity (LBP, 0–10 scale) using median split and 25th, median 75th according to cut-off angles for trunk flexion (<30°, >60°, >90°) and trunk rotation (>10°, >30°).
Table 4.
Pressure pain thresholds (kPa), 25th, median and 75th for the 14 locations covering the low back region.
Fig 7.
Scatter plots of the correlation between the different cut-off angles for trunk forward bending (>30°, >60°, >90°), trunk rotation (>10°, >30°) and low back pain intensity (LBP, 0–10).
Fig 8.
Scatter plots of the correlation between the different cut-off angles for trunk forward bending (>30°, >60°, >90°), trunk rotation (>10°, >30°) and pressure pain thresholds (PPT, kPa).