Fig 1.
Frontal view of the bundle showing a false head decorated with a nose, a wig made of human hair with two thin braids, and a woven cap with ornaments. The body was dressed in a typical Inca tunic with a plaid pattern in different colors. The dress contained a collar and small bags fixed around the neck. A necklace with a reddish spondylus shell also hung around the neck. Bags, made from the fur of llama legs, are strung around the body using two thick cords. Radiocarbon dating (Klaus-Tschira Archaeometry Centre, Mannheim) yielded an AMS-14C age of 311 ± 35 years BP for a sample of the mummy’s tunic textiles (laboratory number MAMS 27250) and a calibrated age between 1480 and 1650 years cal AD (95.4% confidence interval).
Fig 2.
Overview of the skeleton inside the bundle.
(A, B) Maximum intensity projections, (C) three-dimensional reconstruction, and (D) sagittal multiplanar reconstruction showing the skeleton in a squatting position with tightened legs, flexed knees and partially crossed interiorly rotated and adducted feet. Both arms were located between the body and the legs with flexion of the elbows. Note the kyphoscoliosis of the lower thoracic and the lumbar spine.
Fig 3.
Curved multiplanar reconstruction of the upper and lower jaw (the right side in the reconstruction corresponds to the right side in the mummy) gives an overview of the dentition. Several deciduous teeth were still in the jaw including the upper left canine and upper right second molar, as well as the lower canines and lower molars. The permanent incisors and permanent first molars had already erupted, while the permanent second molars had not yet erupted. The crowns of all permanent canines, the upper right second premolar, and all lower premolars were observed inside the jaw. The germs of the third molars were not yet mineralized. Seven maxillary teeth were present including deciduous teeth (first molars and left second molar) and permanent teeth (tooth crowns of first premolars and left second premolar); three of them and a tooth fragment were dislocated.
Fig 4.
Osseous findings indicating neurofibromatosis type 1.
(A) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the basal skull demonstrating a slight sphenoid wing dysplasia on the left side (arrow). (B) Coronal multiplanar reconstruction of the lower thoracic spine and the lumbar spine showing scoliosis and discrete wedging of the body of the fifth lumbar vertebra in the frontal plane with reduced height on the left side (arrow). Note the preservation of the intervertebral discs.
Fig 5.
Soft tissue findings indicating neurofibromatosis type 1.
(A) Coronal multiplanar reconstruction of the neck illustrating probable cystic neurofibromas at the cervico-thoracic junction (arrows). (B) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the lumbo-sacral junction displaying an assumed neurofibroma in the course of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve root (arrow) and a slight enlargement of the neuroforamen. Note multiple small nodules in the paravertebral space probably indicating neurofibromas. (C, D) Axial multiplanar reconstructions of the pelvis showing a supposed plexiform neurofibroma within the right sacral plexus (arrows). (E) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the chest illustrating a supposed breast neurofibroma on the left side (arrow). (F) Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction of the chest revealing an assumed cutaneous neurofibroma (arrow).
Fig 6.
Soft tissue findings indicating Chagas disease.
(A) Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction of the neck demonstrating dilation of the esophagus in its entire course (circles). Note the dislocation of three teeth inside the oral cavity and the esophagus as well as preservation of the tongue (arrow). (B) Coronal multiplanar reconstruction of the chest and abdomen revealing distinct enlargement of the stomach (arrows) with superior displacement of the left lung. (C) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the pelvis showing the dilation of the rectum filled with feces (circles). (D) Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction of the pelvis illustrating dilation of the pelvis and distinct accumulation of feces (circles) bulging out at the anus (arrow). Note the preservation of the penis directly overlying the rectum (dotted arrow).
Fig 7.
Pathological findings of the lungs.
Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the chest illustrating one of the three intraparenchymatous calcifications of the right lung (arrow) and calcification in the region of the right hilum (dotted arrow). Both upper lobes and parts of the left lower lobe revealed broad contact to the chest wall. Note the distinct lung preservation with discernible parenchyma, vessels and airways. The heart was displaced superiorly and medially with retrosternal location. Note the preservation of the aortic valve (asterisk), parts of the right ventricle (circle), the right atrium (two circles) and the left atrium (three circles) with an originating pulmonal vein (four circles).
Fig 8.
Signs of possible peri-mortem violence.
(A) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the head and neck demonstrating a slightly curved discontinuity of the cutis at the right side of the neck (arrow). Note the knobby surface of the scalp possibly indicating cutaneous neurofibromas. (B) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the chest showing a slightly dehiscent sharp transection of the third rib within the cartilage near the sternum on the right side (arrow). (C) Maximum intensity projection of the chest illustrating the transection of the second to sixth rib on the right side, as well as the loss of the common cartilaginous insertion of the seventh and eight ribs. On the left side, a cut through the common cartilaginous insertion of the seventh and eight ribs was visible. (D) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the chest and abdomen demonstrating a large defect of the abdominal wall adjacent to the thoracal transection. (E, F) Axial multiplanar reconstructions of the abdomen illustrating the defect and displacement of the abdominal wall, as well as dislocation of the fragmented liver (arrows) and several coprolites (circles) into the extra-abdominal space.
Fig 9.
(A) Axial multiplanar reconstruction of the bundle illustrating different layers of textiles with interworked cord structures around the mummy. In the front of the lower legs, two thin hyperdense objects were found (arrow) overlying the inner hyperdense textile layer. (B) Three-dimensional reconstruction of these objects displaying the form of shoe soles and a kind of loop in the region of the big toe. (C) Sagittal multiplanar reconstruction showing the composition of the false head with a hyperdense textile roll forming the nose (arrow) and another textile roll forming the chin (dotted arrow). (D) Paraaxial multiplanar reconstruction illustrating the different contents of the bags around the neck (arrows).
Table 1.
Variety of abnormalities in NF1.