Table 1.
Morphology and biochemical characterization of the strains.
Fig 1.
Phylogenetic tree of the strains based on bootstrap test.
a) A neighbor-joining method; b) A maximum parsimony method.
Table 2.
Degradation efficiencies of bacterial consortia and single strains.
Fig 2.
Photos of bio-carrier and immobilized bacterial consortium.
a) SEM photo of bio-carrier of calcium alginate; b) SEM photo of bio-carrier of calcium alginate—activated carbon; c) SEM photo of immobilized bacterial consortium; d) Photo of immobilized bacterial consortium microsphere.
Fig 3.
Effects of crude oil concentration on crude oil degradation efficiency of free and immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 4.
Effects of temperature on crude oil degradation efficiency of free and immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 5.
Effects of initial pH on crude oil degradation efficiency of free and immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 6.
Effects of salinity on crude oil degradation efficiency of free and immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 7.
Effects of degradation time on crude oil degradation efficiency of free and immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 8.
n-alkanes gas chromatograms in crude oil samples before and after biodegradation.
a) the crude oil control; b) degradation sample of free bacterial consortium; c) degradation sample of immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 9.
Changes of the major normal alkanes content in crude oil samples before and after biodegradation.
Fig 10.
Degradation efficiency of the main normal alkanes by the free bacteria group and the immobilized bacteria group.
Fig 11.
PAHs gas chromatograms in crude oil samples before and after biodegradation.
a) the crude oil control; b) degradation sample of free bacterial consortium; c) degradation sample of immobilized bacterial consortium.
Fig 12.
Degradation of the major PAHs by free bacteria and immobilized bacteria.