Fig 1.
Evidence Integration Triangle (EIT) for rapid adoption of clinical practice guidelines.
Evidence Integration Triangle adapted for rapid adoption of the Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for catheter-associated urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria into routine care. This adaptation is modified from the original EIT model.
Fig 2.
Fast and frugal diagnostic algorithm for differentiating Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ABU) versus Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI).
Fast and Frugal algorithms follow these three simple rules: 1) Search Rule: Search through cues in a predetermined order. Cue 1: Are there evidence-based symptoms of CAUTI present? Cue 2: Is there a non-urinary cause for these symptoms? 2) Stop Rule: Stop after the first and second cues to discriminate between alternatives (ABU versus CAUTI). 3) Decision Rule (classify the episode accordingly): If the answer to cue 1 is negative then ABU is more likely. If cue 1 is positive but cue 2 is negative, then CAUTI is more likely. The Kicking CAUTI algorithm also contains an explicit corrective for cue 1 to counteract the most common cognitive bias in distinguishing between ABU and CAUTI: "Pyuria is not a symptom of CAUTI and should not be interpreted as an indication for antimicrobial treatment."
Table 1.
Participant characteristics by study site.
Table 2.
Changes in provider accuracy with urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) management (Diagnosis and treatment).