Fig 1.
A. Syntermes molestus; B. Procornitermes triacifer; C. Microcerotermes strunckii; D. Labiotermes labralis; E. Cornitermes cumulans F. Silvestritermes holmgreni.
Fig 2.
Examples of shapes of postmentum.
A. Cornitermes cumulans; B. Labiotermes labralis; C. Rhynchotermes nasutissimus.
Fig 3.
Examples of types of frontal gland openings and frontal tube shapes.
A. Microcerotermes strunckii; B. Amitermes amifer; C. Syntermes molestus; D. Labiotermes labralis; E. Procornitermes araujoi; F. Embiratermes festivellus.
Fig 4.
Examples of shapes of outer margins of the forecoxae and projections.
A. Syntermes molestus; B. Cornitermes cumulans; C. Armitermes spininotus; D. Embiratermes festivellus; E. Rhynchotermes nasutissimus.
Fig 5.
Examples of lateral lobes of the pronotum.
A. Labiotermes labralis; B. Embiratermes festivellus; C. Syntermes molestus.
Fig 6.
Examples of shapes of thoracic nota.
A. Labiotermes labralis; B. Armitermes spininotus; C. Syntermes molestus; D. Syntermes crassilabrum.
Fig 7.
Examples of mandibles (right) and molar regions.
A. Procornitermes araujoi; B. Embiratermes festivellus; C. Curvitermes odontognathus. (Arrows indicate the molar region).
Fig 8.
Examples of pulvilli ornamentations.
A. Uncitermes teevani; B. Mapinguaritermes peruanus.
Fig 9.
Insertion of the stomodeal valve in the mesenteron (A, B) and examples of alignment of the mesenteric tongues (C–F). A. Cornitermes cumulans; B. Procornitermes striatus; C. Silvestritermes holmgreni; D. Mapinguaritermes peruanus; E. Rhynchotermes nasutissimus; F. Ibitermes curupira.
Fig 10.
Homology between the ornament regions inside the first proctodeal segment (red, central area; yellow, distal area; and green, region around the mesenteric tongue).
A Curvitermes odontognathus; B. Embiratermes festivellus; C. Cornitermes cumulans.
Fig 11.
Examples of transition from tubular portion to dilated portion in P1 (arrows, initial portion of the dilated regions).
A. Silvestritermes holmgreni; B. Cornitermes cumulans; C. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps; D. Uncitermes teevani.
Fig 12.
Examples of connections between P1 and P3 through P2.
A. Silvestritermes holmgreni; B. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps; C. Embiratermes festivellus.
Fig 13.
Examples of P2 insertion, relative to abdomen length (arrows, P2 position).
A. Silvestritermes holmgreni; B. Cyrilliotermes angulariceps.
Fig 14.
Examples of enteric valve shapes.
A. Amitermes amifer; B. Curvitermes odontognathus; C. Mapinguaritermes peruanus; D. Genuotermes spinifer; E. Embiratermes festivellus; F. Embiratermes silvestrii; G. Procornitermes lespessi; H. Cornitermes cumulans; I. Silvestritermes holmgreni.
Fig 15.
Examples of P3b shapes and isthmus insertions (arrow, sub-apical P3 insertion).
A. Microcerotermes strunckii; B. Curvitermes odontognathus; C. Embiratermes ignotus; D. Acangaobitermes krishnai.
Fig 16.
Examples of body proportions and profiles.
A. Cornitermes cumulans; B. Labiotermes labralis; C. Acangaobitermes krishnai.
Fig 17.
Worker mandibles (not to same scale).
A. Microcerotermes strunckii; B. Cornitermes cumulans; C. Silvestritermes holmgreni; D. Curvitermes odontognathus; E. Paracurvitermes manni; F. detail of C. cumulans molar plate notch; G. detail of S. holmgreni molar plate notch.
Table 1.
List of GenBank accession codes for each gene.
Table 2.
Sequences of primers and PCR profiles used.
Table 3.
Summarized results of combining different sets of sequences and types of codification for protein-coding sequences and their respective Estimated sample sizes (ESS) of each run combined.
Fig 18.
Tree obtained with the Bayesian analysis with morphological data and COII, 16S rDNA sequences, partitioned by genes.
The respective posterior probability is indicated above each node, and the branch color represents the posterior probability.
Fig 19.
Tree obtained with the Bayesian analysis with morphological data and all four sequences, partitioned by codons.
The respective posterior probability is indicated above each node, and the branch color represents the posterior probability.
Fig 20.
Tree obtained with the Bayesian analysis with morphological data and COII, Cytb, 16S rDNA sequences, partitioned by codons.
The respective posterior probability is indicated above each node, and the branch color represents the posterior probability.
Fig 21.
Comparison between topologies of the more consistent trees.
A. analysis with morphological data and COII, 16S rDNA sequences, partitioned by genes; B. analysis with morphological data and all sequences, partitioned by codons; C. analysis with morphological data and COII, Cytb, 16S rDNA sequences, partitioned by codons. The equivalent branches are indicated by the colors; the name of each species is represented by an acronym.
Fig 22.
Reconstruction of the primary individual defense mechanisms of syntermitine soldiers.
Examples of soldier head shapes, A. Syntermes molestus; B. Rhynchotermes nasutissimus; C. Labiotermes labralis; D. Uncitermes teevani; the state of each taxon is indicated by the color of the squares, and the name of each species is represented by an acronym.
Fig 23.
Reconstruction of the syntermitine mandible characters.
Molar region (character 92) and relative size of left apical tooth (character 85) reconstructions. The state of each taxon is indicated by the color of the squares, and the name of each species is represented by an acronym.