Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
Table 2.
Unadjusted inter-correlations of obesity indices.
Fig 1.
Associations (PRs or mean difference) between deciles of obesity indices and cardiovascular risk factors in urban South Asian men (panel A) and women (panel B).
Models compare cardiovascular outcomes in higher compared to the lowest decile of each anthropometric index and were adjusted for age in years, age-squared, and city of residence. Deciles were included in the outcome models as a 10-level categorical variable with the first decile as the reference category. Prevalence ratios are shown for diabetes, elevated cholesterol, and hypertension and mean differences (betas) are shown for the cardiovascular risk index. The y-axis differs across the plots to allow for better visualization of the point estimates Data are available in table form in S2 Table and S3 Table. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-height ratio; WHR, waist-hip ratio; LTS, log of the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds; BIA, bioelectric impedance analysis derived percent body fat.
Fig 2.
Summary performance of obesity indices in classifying CVD risk factors in men (panel A) and women (panel B): Associations (prevalence ratios or mean difference), discrimination (area under the curve, AUC), and calibration (quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion; lower value indicates better model fit). All obesity indices were standardized to mean = 0 and SD = 1 to facilitate comparisons across measures. Associations were adjusted for age in years, the age-squared, and city of residence. Data are available in table form in S4 Table. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-height ratio; WHR, waist-hip ratio; LTS, log of the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds; BIA, bioelectric impedance analysis derived percent body fat; AUC, area under the curve.