Fig 1.
Growth responses of different genotypes grown in hydroponic solution with or without salt treatment.
Typical plant phenotypes (A), and the root (B) and shoot (C) weights determined at the end of the experiments. Data are means ± SD of 25 replicates per treatment and genotype. Salt-induced growth reduction was indicated as a % of the control. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 2.
Na+ (A,B) and K+ (C,D) contents of roots and shoots of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas) grown in hydroponic solution with or without salt treatment.
Values were determined from air-dry samples collected at the end of the experiments, and data are means ± SD of three replicates per treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 3.
Salt-induced changes in the expression levels of the SOS1 (salt-overly sensitive 1), SOS2 (salt-overly sensitive 2), NHX2 (Na/H antiporter), HVP and HKT1 (histidine-kinase transporter) genes in the roots (A) and leaves (B) of barley cv. Manas, wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS and wheat cv. Asakaze (AK).
The data originated from three biological and three technical replicates of each treatment. For each gene, different letters indicate statistically significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 4.
Proline (A) and glycine-betaine (B) contents of roots and shoots of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze:AK and barley cv. Manas) grown in hydroponic solution with or without salt treatment.
Data are means ± SD of five replicates per treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 5.
Total soluble sugar (A) and starch (B) contents in the roots of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas) grown in hydroponic solution with or without salt treatment.
Data are means ± SD of five replicates per treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 6.
Sugar composition in the leaves of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas) grown in hydroponic solution with or without salt treatment.
Data are means of three replicates per treatment. * and # indicate values significantly different from the corresponding AK or untreated samples at the P < 0.05 level.
Fig 7.
Invertase activity in control and salt-treated leaves of wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas.
Data are means ± SD of five replicates per treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 8.
Starch content in control and salt-treated leaves of wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas.
Data are means ± SD of five replicates per treatment. Different letters indicate significant differences between the genotypes at P < 0.05 using Tukey’s post hoc test.
Fig 9.
Free Polyamine (PA) content in the roots and shoots of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AK and barley cv. Manas) grown in hydroponic solution with and without salt treatment.
Data are means ± SD of three replicates per treatment. Data are mean of three replicates of each treatment. * and # indicate values significantly different from the corresponding AK or untreated samples at P < 0.05 level.
Fig 10.
Comparison of growth, physiological traits and metabolic changes in the roots and shoots of different genotypes (wheat/barley disomic addition line 7H, ditelosomic addition lines 7HL and 7HS, wheat cv. Asakaze: AKand barley cv. Manas) under control and salt stress conditions.
Comparisons were made for genotypes vs wheat cv. Asakaze in control plants, and salt-treated vs control plants. Grey blocks indicate values similar (within 10%) to the control values of wheat cv. Asakaze. Reddish and blue blocks indicate values higher and lower than those of wheat cv. Asakaze, respectively. L, length; W, weight; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; gs, stomatal conductance; Chl, chlorophyll content; Na and K, Na and K contents; Pro, proline; GB, glycine-betaine; Tss, total soluble sugars; Tstr, starch content; PUT, putrescine; SPD, spermidine, SPN, spermine; Cat, activity of catalase. Sugar compounds and invertase activity are presented separately for the leaves.