Fig 1.
Chemical structures of BaP and major lignans in SSO.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagrams of two sets of SSO manufacturing apparatus.
(A) Traditional apparatus. (B) The self-designed apparatus for manufacturing low BaP SSO. Changes are highlighted in square boxes.
Fig 3.
BaP contents in SSO for different processing conditions.
(A) Numbers of washing cycles, (B) spin-drying times, (C) ventilation rates, and (D) numbers of compression cycles were varied. The raw SS were initially spiked with BaP at 10 μg/kg. Different letters indicate significant differences between the values (p < 0.05). The data are means with their standard deviations (n = 3).
Fig 4.
Relationship between the BaP contents in SSO and the moisture content of SS.
(A) The BaP contents in SSO for different thermal drying times. (B) Correlation between the moisture content of SS before roasting and the BaP contents in SSO. The raw SS were initially spiked with BaP at 10 μg/kg. Different letters indicate significant differences between the values (p < 0.05). The data are means with their standard deviations (n = 3). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.832 (p < 0.05, n = 3).
Fig 5.
Acid values of SSO for different processing conditions.
(A) Numbers of washing cycles, (B) spin-drying times, (C) ventilation rates, and (D) numbers of compression cycles were varied. There were no significant differences between the values (p > 0.05). The data are means with their standard deviations (n = 3).
Fig 6.
Iodine values of SSO for different processing conditions.
(A) Numbers of washing cycles, (B) spin-drying times, (C) ventilation rates, and (D) numbers of compression cycles were varied. There were no significant differences between the values (p > 0.05). The data are means with their standard deviations (n = 3).
Fig 7.
Total phenolic contents of SSO for different processing conditions.
(A) Numbers of washing cycles, (B) spin-drying times, (C) ventilation rates, and (D) numbers of compression cycles were varied. Different letters indicate significant differences between the values (p < 0.05). The data are means with their standard deviations (n = 3).
Table 1.
Sesamol and sesamolin contents in SSO for different numbers of washing cycles.
Table 2.
Sesamol and sesamolin contents in SSO for different spin-drying times.
Table 3.
Sesamol and sesamolin contents in SSO for different ventilation rates.
Table 4.
Sesamol and sesamolin contents in SSO for different numbers of compression cycles.