Table 1.
Summary of MR imaging findings according to final diagnoses.
Table 2.
Perfusion patterns in seizure patients (convulsive vs. nonconvulsive) with known time intervals between the last seizure events and MR scans.
Table 3.
Perfusion patterns in seizure patients (generalized vs. partial) with known time intervals between the last seizure events and MR scans.
Fig 1.
A 49-year-old woman who showed a convulsive seizure in the intensive care unit.
(A) Brain parenchyma appears normal on the T2 FLAIR image. (B) Ill-defined and subtle diffusion restriction is noted at the left parietal cortex (arrows). (C) Arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted image, however, clearly depicts hemispheric hyperperfusion (arrows) in the left cerebral hemisphere. (D) No apparent steno-occlusive lesion is found on the MR angiography.
Fig 2.
A 71-year-old man with underlying cavernous malformation who presented to the emergency department with a seizure.
(A) T2 FLAIR MR image demonstrates a cavernous malformation (arrow) with a hemoderin rim and typical popcorn ball appearance secondary to multiple locules containing hemorrhage at the left frontal lobe. (B) Diffusion-weighted image shows no abnormal signal change around the cavernous malformation (arrow). (C) Arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted MR image, however, reveals prominent perilesional hyperperfusion (arrowheads) surrounding the cavernous malformation (arrow) at the left frontal lobe. (D) Additional hyperperfusion foci (arrowheads) are also noted at the left parietal lobe.
Fig 3.
A 87-year-old woman who showed a convulsive seizure in the patient ward.
(A) Brain parenchyma appears normal on the T2-weighted image. (B) A tiny dot-like diffusion restriction is noted at the left frontal cortex (arrowhead). Subtle cortical hyperintensities at the left occipital lobe are artifacts. (C) Arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted MR image depicts hypoperfusion at the left middle cerebral artery territory (arrows). (D) MR angiography shows occlusion at the left M1 segment.
Fig 4.
A 33-year-old woman who visited the emergency department for a nonconvulsive seizure.
(A) Brain parenchyma appears normal on the T2 FLAIR image. (B) A tiny dot-like diffusion restriction is noted at the left parietal cortex (arrowhead). (C) Arterial spin labeling perfusion-weighted MR image depicts hyperperfusion at the left middle cerebral artery territory (arrow). Note the combined hypoperfusion portion adjacent to the hyperperfused area (arrowhead). (D) MR angiography reveals occlusion at the left M2 segment (arrowhead).