Fig 1.
(a) Colony morphology of endosymbiotic Emericella variecolor CLB38 on potato dextrose agar, (b) microscopic stellate ascospores at 40X magnification.
Fig 2.
PCR amplification of rDNA from Emericella variecolor CLB38 using ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers.
Lane: M—100 bp DNA ladder; CLB38 –~575 bp amplicon representing ITS region of rDNA; C–control.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic tree derived from NJ analysis showing the evolutionary relationship of Emericella variecolor CLB38 with its closest BLAST hits.
Bootstrap values (1000 replications) based on multiple sequence alignment using the MEGA-5 software. Asterisk indicates the isolate obtained in this study.
Fig 4.
(a) 3D modeled structure based on the deduced amino acid sequence of E. variecolor CLB38 PKS gene using I-TASSER model, (b) Predicted ligand-binding site of E. variecolor CLB38 PKS protein.
Fig 5.
ITS2 RNA secondary structure of (a) Emericella variecolor isolate NRRL 1858 and (b) Emericella variecolor CLB38.
Table 1.
Determination of antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of endosymbiotic Emericella variecolor CLB38 (100 μg/disc) against test microorganisms.
Fig 6.
(a, b) Thin layer chromatogram of ethyl acetate extract of E. variecolor CLB38 at 254 nm and 364 nm, respectively. (c) TLC-bioautography assay of ethyl acetate extract showing zone of inhibition against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. (d) TLC-bioautography assay of purified compound evariquinone showing zone of inhibition against Candida albicans.
Fig 7.
ESI-TOF-MS of (1) Evariquinone and (2) Emerimidine A showing major molecular ion peaks.
Fig 8.
Structure of (1) Evariquinone and (2) Emerimidine A.
Table 2.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC in μg/ml) of purified compound Evariquinone from endosymbiotic E. variecolor CLB38 against test microorganisms.
Table 3.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC in μg/ml) of purified compound Emerimidine A from endosymbiotic E. variecolor CLB38 against test microorganisms.