Fig 1.
The type specimens of A. gravesii and A. lianxianense.
A: the whole view. B and C: the tracings of the type specimen of A. gravesii and A. lianxianense. D and E: the enlarged type specimens of A. gravesii and A. lianxianense.
Table 1.
Main morphological characters of the five species in series Gravesiana according to Shing and Wu (1990).
Fig 2.
The type specimens of A. chienii and A. mariesii.
Left: A. chienii; right: A. mariesii.
Fig 3.
The distribution and collection sites of different populations in the series Gravesiana.
Fig 4.
Strict consensus tree of five maximally parsimonious trees for Chinense Adiantum, generating from atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F and rps4-trnS sequences (tree length = 5,052 steps, CI = 0.6033, RI = 0.9198).
The bootstrap values were shown above the lines, and the Bayesian posterior probabilities were shown below the lines. Series classifications of Lin (1980) about Adiantum were labeled in columns. For G1-3, GDY1-1, JW2-8, GJK2-2, …., front alphabets are the short names of different populations of taxa, and the latter numbers represent single individuals as shown in S1 Table.
Fig 5.
Strict consensus tree of six maximally parsimonious trees for series Gravesiana obtained from atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F, rps4-trnS and matK sequences (tree length = 1,384 steps, CI = 0.8779, RI = 0. 0.9609).
The bootstrap values were shown above the lines, and the Bayesian posterior probabilities were shown below the lines. Nine clades were labeled in columns and their own morphological characters were stated at right. For G1-3, GDY1-1, JW2-8, GJK2-2, …., front alphabets are the short names of different populations of taxa and the latter numbers represent single individuals as shown in S1 Table.
Fig 6.
Twelve character optimisation over the 6-combined markers phylogeny tree (atpA, atpB, rbcL, trnL-F, rps4-trnS and matK), which were inferred by the Mesquite v. 2.71, using maximum parsimony.
Table 2.
Morphological characters of each clade concluded from the measured data.
Fig 7.
SEM observation of series Gravesiana.
Clade A: B1, B2, B10 and B11; Clade B: x4, x5; Clade C: c10, c11; Clade H: c1-c8; Clade I: J1, J2.
Table 3.
Mean spores size of 15 natural populations in series Gravesiana, including length of polar axis and equatorial axis.
Fig 8.
Morphological characters of A. dentatum.
A: the whole plant; B: Pinna shapes; C: scales.
Fig 9.
Morphological characters of A. obovatum.
Fig 10.
Morphological characters of A. longzhouensis.
A: the whole plant; B: Pinna shapes and soris; C: scale; D: sporangium.
Fig 11.
Morphological characters of “JHW1-1” and “RZ4-3” in clade H and clade I.
Fig 12.
Morphological characters and spores ornamentations of the individuals (from different populations) in the clade H.