Fig 1.
Geographic location of the study area in North America (A) and the experimental blocks (B).
Fig 2.
Characteristics and trail layout of the four treatments.
White arrows represent total harvested surface or skidding trails, grey and black arrows indicate the surface of the partially harvested residual strip, and intact residual strip, respectively. The secondary trail is marked with the letter S.
Fig 3.
Distributions of the parameters of Schnute growth function for the trees sampled.
Table 1.
Estimated parameters for Schnute curves.
Values in parentheses represent the 95% confidence interval.
Fig 4.
Examples of the four growth patterns using the Schnute function.
The discontinuous horizontal lines indicate the asymptotes (a). The thin discontinuous horizontal and vertical lines show the inflexion points (b). The black dots show the cumulative radial growth values for each study year and the continuous lines represent the model fitting.
Fig 5.
Frequency of growth patterns represented by structure, treatment and spatial position in the residual strip.
Fig 6.
Variation in the frequency of Schnute curves according to different stand and tree variables.
Fig 7.
Observed vs. predicted growth ten years after cutting modelled by growth pattern.
Table 2.
Stepwise regressions for the cumulative radial growth of black spruce for each curve of the Schnute function using the forward procedure with Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) as indicator.