Fig 1.
Life history parameters of Daphnia clones exposed to copper and parasite challenge.
Two Daphnia clones (Clone 12 and Clone 47) were exposed to increasing copper concentrations in the absence (”no-parasite”) and presence (”parasite”) of spores of the microparasitic yeast M. bicuspidata. Host mortality and parasite infectivity are shown as the proportion of dead or infected hosts, respectively, at the end of the experiment (day 21). Fecundity (at day 14), reproductive output (at day 21), age at first reproduction and intrinsic rate of increase are shown as mean (circle) and respective 95% confidence intervals (error bars), based on 20 experimental units per treatment. Dotted lines between data points are used to facilitate visualization of the concentration-dependent response across parasite treatments.
Fig 2.
Life history parameters of Daphnia clones exposed to tebuconazole and parasite challenge.
Two Daphnia clones (Clone 12 and Clone 47) were exposed to increasing tebuconazole concentrations in the absence (”no-parasite”) and presence (”parasite”) of spores of the microparasitic yeast M. bicuspidata. Host mortality and parasite infectivity are shown as the proportion of dead or infected hosts, respectively, at the end of the experiment (day 21). Fecundity (at day 14), reproductive output (at day 21), age at first reproduction and intrinsic rate of increase are shown as mean (circle) and respective 95% confidence intervals (error bars), based on 20 experimental units per treatment. Dotted lines between data points are used to facilitate visualization of the concentration-dependent response across parasite treatments.
Table 1.
Two-way ANOVA summary table of the effects of contaminant concentration and parasite challenge.
Fig 3.
Life history parameters of Daphnia clones exposed to tebuconazole and parasite challenge (follow-up experiment).
Two Daphnia clones (Clone 12 and Clone 47) were exposed to increasing tebuconazole concentrations and two levels of parasite challenge (“single challenge” vs. “double challenge”) with spores of the microparasitic yeast M. bicuspidata. Host mortality and parasite infectivity are shown as the proportion of dead or infected hosts, respectively, at the end of the experiment (day 21). Fecundity (at day 14), reproductive output (at day 21), age at first reproduction and intrinsic rate of increase are shown as mean (circle) and respective 95% confidence intervals (error bars), based on 20 experimental units per treatment. Dotted lines between data points are used to facilitate visualization of the concentration-dependent response across parasite treatments.
Table 2.
Two-way ANOVA summary table of the effects of tebuconazole concentration and level of parasite challenge (follow-up experiment).