Fig 1.
Dependent of the word list, either a) a visual Item or b) an auditory item were presented in each trial.
Fig 2.
Design of the retrieval phase.
In each trial, either a) a visual item or b) an auditory item was presented. c) was only presented when recognition confidence was answered with either option 1 (certainly old) or option 2 (presumably old).
Fig 3.
Pre-stimulus SMEs for the item memory for visually presented words.
(A) Time-frequency illustration of the pre-stimulus SME for written words. Plotted is the percentage change between successful and failed retrieval averaged across all frontal, temporal, and central electrodes. (B) Depicted is the topographical distribution of the significant clusters in the theta frequency band (3–7 Hz) over time with significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .031, one-sided). (C) Topographical distribution of the significant clusters in the beta frequency band (13–17 Hz) over time (p = .01, one-sided).
Fig 4.
Pre-stimulus SME for aurally presented words.
(A) Time-frequency illustration of the pre-stimulus SME for spoken words. Plotted is the percentage change between successful and failed retrieval averaged across all frontal, temporal, and central electrodes. (B) Depicted is the topographical distribution of the significant clusters in the low beta frequency band over time with significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .041, one-sided).
Fig 5.
Pre-stimulus SME for words pooled across both modalities.
(A) Time-frequency illustration of the pre-stimulus SME pooled across modalities. Plotted is the percentage change between successful and failed retrieval averaged across all frontal, temporal, and central electrodes. (B) Depicted is the topographical distribution of the significant clusters in the low beta frequency band over time with significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .041, one-sided).
Fig 6.
Pre-stimulus theta band (3–7 Hz) SME for context pictures associated with written words.
Depicted are t-values with corrected significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .038, one-sided).
Fig 7.
Pre-stimulus theta band (3–7 Hz) SME for context pictures associated with spoken words.
Depicted are t-values with corrected significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .001, one-sided).
Fig 8.
Pre-stimulus theta band (3–7 Hz) SME for context pictures associated with words pooled across both modalities.
Depicted are t-values with corrected significant data points being marked by a white * (p = .042, one-sided).