Fig 1.
Cucumber mosaic virus/satellite RNA infections alter prosystemin expression in tomato plants.
Expression of prosystemin transcript measured with RT-qPCR in tomato plants cv. Moneymaker at 9 days post-inoculation with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Fny) in combination with its satellite RNAs, either necrogenic (FN) or non-necrogenic mutant (FNNmut). Gene expression is relative to mock and normalized by ubiquitin gene (ubi3). Bars on the columns represent the standard deviation (n = 6). Columns with different letters are significantly different according to LSD test (P<0.05).
Fig 2.
Severity of disease symptoms induced by Cucumber mosaic virus/satellite RNA infections is reduced in transgenic tomato plants overexpressing prosystemin.
Severity of symptoms caused by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) combined with two satellite RNAs, either necrogenic (77-satRNA) or non-necrogenic (the mutant variant NNmut-satRNA), on tomato plants cv. Better Boy, wild type (BB) or overexpressing the prosystemin transgene (BBP+). In each graph, the disease severity scores observed on 14 plants is shown. In the BBP+/FN graph (bottom right), two groups of plants that displayed significantly different disease development are indicated with a red (8 plants showing rapid necrosis or RN) and a blue (6 plants showing delayed necrosis or DN) line.
Fig 3.
Disease symptoms induced by Cucumber mosaic virus/satellite RNA infections in transgenic tomato plants overexpressing prosystemin.
Disease phenotypes in transgenic plants cv. Better Boy overexpressing prosystemin (BBP+) 21 days post-inoculation with CMV/satRNA combinations. Top Left panel, mock-inoculated healthy control (Mock); Top Right, plants inoculated with CMV/NNmut-satRNA showing suppression of symptoms (FNNmut); Bottom Left, plants inoculated with CMV/77-satRNA showing rapid and lethal necrosis [FN (RN)]; Bottom Right, plants inoculated with CMV/77-satRNA showing partial resistance and delayed necrosis [FN (DN)];
Fig 4.
Both ectopic overexpression of prosystemin and Cucumber mosaic virus/satellite RNA infections trigger extensive transcriptional reprogramming.
Gene expression measured with RT-qPCR in tomato plants cv. Better Boy, wild type (BB) or overexpressing the prosystemin transgene (BBP+), at 9 days post-inoculation with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in combination with the necrogenic 77-saRNA (FN) or the non-necrogenic mutant NNmut-satRNA (FNNmut). A: prosystemin; B: CMV titer, expressed as RNA2 accumulation in leaf tissues, and relative to BB/FN plants; C: marker-genes of salicylate and jasmonate signaling pathways; D: jasmonate-biosynthesis genes; E: receptor-like protein kinases. Gene expression is relative to mock-inoculated BB plants, and normalized by ubiquitin gene (ubi3). Bars on the columns represent the standard deviation (n = 6). Per each individual gene analyzed separately, columns with different letters are significantly different according to LSD test (P<0.05). Disease symptoms: ‘-‘ = no symptoms; LD = leaf distortion; RN = rapid necrosis; DN = delayed necrosis.