Table 1.
Patient-based characteristics.
Table 2.
Eye-based characteristics.
Fig 1.
Representative cases of aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4 Ab)-positive (A−C) and -negative (D−F) optic neuritis in the left eye. Shown are optic nerve head maps (A, D) and GCC significance maps (B, E) from RTVue optical coherence tomography analyses, and gray scales (C, F) of Humphrey visual field 30–2 tests. Tests were conducted 6.5 years and 4.5 years after the latest onset of optic neuritis in the seropositive and negative case, respectively.
Table 3.
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analyses for Factors Discriminating AQP4 Ab Positivity.
Fig 2.
Scatter plots of number of optic neuritis (ON) episodes against age (A) and titer of the anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody (AQP4 Ab) (B). Open circles indicate eyes with AQP4 Ab-negative ON, whereas closed circles indicate those with antibody-positive ON. Spearman rank correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval, P-value) between number of ON episodes and AQP4 Ab titer was 0.46 (0.02 to 0.75, 0.04).
Table 4.
Retinal Structure Correlations with Ab Titer in the AQP4 Ab-Positive Group.
Fig 3.
Associations of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) average thickness with age in all eyes (A) and eyes with a single episode of optic neuritis (B). Open circles and dotted lines indicate eyes with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4 Ab)-negative optic neuritis, whereas closed circles and solid lines indicate eyes with antibody-positive optic neuritis. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval, P-value) for the AQP4 Ab-negative and -positive groups were -0.57 (-0.84 to -0.08, 0.03) and 0.63 (0.27 to 0.84, 0.003), respectively, in the all eyes (A), and -0.74 (-0.92 to -0.28, 0.006) and 0.67 (0.12 to 0.91, 0.024), respectively, in eyes with a single episode of optic neuritis (B).
Table 5.
Generalized Estimating Equation Regression Analyses for Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Negative Eye.
Table 6.
Generalized Estimating Equation Regression Analyses for Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters in Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Eyes.
Fig 4.
Structure−function relationships in all eyes.
Scatter plots of mean deviation (MD) against circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) average thickness (A), MD against ganglion cell complex (GCC) average thickness (B), logMAR visual acuity (VA) against circumpapillary RNFL average thickness (C), and VA against GCC average thickness (D). Open circles and dotted lines indicate eyes with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4 Ab)-negative optic neuritis, whereas closed circles and solid lines indicate eyes with antibody-positive optic neuritis. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval, P-value) for the AQP4 Ab-negative and positive-groups were 0.33 (-0.22 to 0.72, 0.23) and 0.74 (0.44 to 0.89, 0.0002), respectively, between MD and average RNFL thickness (A), 0.49 (-0.03 to 0.80, 0.06) and 0.73 (0.43 to 0.89, 0.0002), respectively, between MD and average GCC thickness (B), -0.57 (-0.84 to -0.07, 0.03) and -0.40 (-0.71 to 0.06, 0.08), respectively, between logMAR VA and average RNFL thickness (C), and -0.69 (-0.89 to -0.27, 0.005) and -0.52 (-0.78 to -0.10, 0.02), respectively, between logMAR VA and average GCC thickness (D).
Fig 5.
Structure−function relationships in eyes with single-episode optic neuritis.
Scatter plots of mean deviation (MD) against circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) average thickness (A), MD against ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness (B), logMAR visual acuity (VA) against circumpapillary RNFL average thickness (C), and VA against GCC average thickness (D). Open circles and dotted lines indicate eyes with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4 Ab)-negative optic neuritis, whereas closed circles and solid lines indicate eyes with antibody-positive optic neuritis. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval, P-value) for the antibody-negative and -positive groups were 0.39 (-0.24 to 0.79, 0.22) and 0.75 (0.27 to 0.93, 0.008), respectively, between MD and average RNFL thickness (A), 0.58 (0.01 to 0.87, 0.05) and 0.77 (0.32 to 0.94, 0.006), respectively, between MD and average GCC thickness (B), -0.47 (-0.82 to 0.14, 0.12) and -0.39 (-0.80 to 0.28, 0.24), respectively, between logMAR VA and average RNFL thickness (C), and -0.65 (-0.89 to -0.11, 0.02) and -0.62 (-0.89 to -0.02, 0.04), respectively, between logMAR VA and average GCC thickness (D).
Table 7.
Generalized Estimating Equation Regression Analyses for Factors associated with Visual Function in Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Negative Eyes.
Table 8.
Generalized Estimating Equation Regression Analyses for Factors associated with Visual Function in Aquaporin-4 Antibody-Positive Eyes.