Table 1.
Effects of puerarin on serum urea and creatinine levels in rats with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Fig 1.
Effects of puerarin on changes of (A) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and (B) glutathione (GSH) content in the kidney tissues of cisplatin-treated rats. ***P<0.05 versus control group; ###P<0.05 versus cisplatin alone treated group.
Fig 2.
Effects of puerarin on changes of oxidative biomarkers in kidney tissues of cisplatin-treated rats.
(A) glutathione reductase (GR) activities; (B) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; (C) glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities; (D) superoxide dismutase (SOD)activities; (E) catalase (CAT) activities; (F) xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. ***P<0.05 versus control group; ###P<0.05 versus cisplatin alone treated group.
Fig 3.
Photomicrographs of rat kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H.E) (200×).
(A) Kidney sections from control group showed normal morphological view; (B) Kidney tissues section from puerarin alone treated rats (50mg/kg) showed normal morphological view. (C) Kidney tissue section from cisplatin alone treated rats (7 mg/kg) showed severe tubular degeneration and necrosis, hyaline casts in the tubules, intertubular hemorrhage, congestion and swelling in glomerulus; (D-F) Sections from puerarin plus puerarin treated rats. The respective dose of puerarin was (D) 10mg/kg, (E) 30mg/kg and (F) 50 mg/kg. Kidney sections (F) from cisplatin plus 50mg/kg puerarin treated rats showed predominantly normal renal histology with occasional degenerative changes when compared with cisplatin alone treated rats. Black arrow head indicates necrosis and degeneration; Black arrow indicates intertubular hemorrhage; White arrow indicates leukocytes infiltration; Two asterisks indicate hyaline casts in the tubules. Three asterisks indicate congestion and swelling in glomerulus.
Table 2.
Assessment of the necrosis and degeneration.
Fig 4.
Effects of puerarin on inflammatory cytokines production in kidney tissues of cisplatin treated rats.
(A) Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); (B) Interleukin-6 (IL-6). ***P<0.05 versus control group; ###P<0.05 versus cisplatin alone treated group.
Fig 5.
Expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins in kidney tissues in each groups.
(A) Representative Western blot picture, showing the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins. β-actin was used as an internal control. (B) Changes in the expression level of TLR4 protein. (C) Changes in the expression level of NF-κB p65 protein. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4). ***P<0.05 versus control group; ###P<0.05 versus cisplatin alone treated group.
Fig 6.
Influence of puerarin on the inhibitory activity of cisplatin in human COLO205 and HeLa cancer cells.
***P<0.05.
Fig 7.
Western blot analysis about the effects of puerarin on NF-κB signaling pathway in COLO205 colon cancer cells (A) and HeLa cervical cancer cells (B).