Fig 1.
(A) Floral button in pre-anthesis; (B) Flower opening in process, and expansion of petals 12 hours after the onset of anthesis; (C) Flower fully open 24 hours after onset of anthesis; (D) Flower in female stage 48 hours after anthesis; (E) Flower also in female phase, also 48 hours after anthesis, but petals spaced manually to allow the inside of the floral chamber to be displayed, stamens assembly further strongly adhered to each other without releasing, and yet with pollen-receptive stigmas. Note the production of exudate, a bright and viscous substance on the stigma that has function of adhering to the pollen grains (arrow); (F) Flower male phase 52 hours after anthesis, with stamens falling off and starting release of pollen, and droop of stigmatic (arrow) marking the end of the female phase (outer and inner petals partially removed for better viewing).
Fig 2.
Abundance (n) and occurrence period (months) of pollinators during flowering Annona coriacea (Annonaceae) in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso in December 2005 to April 2006.
Fig 3.
Pollinators of Annona coriacea.
(A) Cyclocephala atricapilla feeding on nutritious tissues on the outside petal. (B) Flower with the external petal removed for better viewing of the floral chamber; note C. ohausiana feeding on the stamens. (C) Flower with removed outer petal; arrow indicates C. atricapilla during anther dehiscence receiving pollen that is attached on its body. (D) Arriguttia brevissima with the body covered with pollen.
Fig 4.
Adults and larvae Cyclocephala, pollinators of Annona coriacea.
(A) Adult of C. atricapilla (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), digging in the ground near A. coriacea plant after the fall of araticum flower. (B) Larvae Cyclocephala found between litters and soil just below A. coriacea individuals.
Table 1.
Fruit set from controlled pollination of flowers of Annona coriacea Mart. (Annonaceae), in Cerrado of Mato Grosso State in December 2005 until April 2006.