Table 1.
Expression patterns of various types of R genes and defense-related genes1.
Fig 1.
AtPAP2 OE Arabidopsis thaliana lines display enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) strains.
(a) Phenotypes of WT, pap2, OE7 and OE21 A. thaliana lines at 5 dpi with Pst DC3000strains carrying different Avr genes in greenhouse conditions (16/8 hr light/dark). (b) Phenotype of WT, pap2, OE7 and OE21 A. thaliana lines at 5d pi with Pst DC3000 in growth chamber conditions (10/14 hr light/dark). We inoculated 25 day-day-old plants (greenhouse) and 30-day-old plants (growth chamber).
Fig 2.
Biomass quantification of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 strains (Pst).
DNA was extracted from inoculated plants grown in greenhouse conditions (16/8 hr light/dark) at 5 dpi, and the bacterial biomass was quantified using qPCR on the oprF gene. Bacterial biomass was normalized to the amplicon of AtRuBisCO, and its amount in the WT plants was normalized as 1 in each panel. DC3000: (Pst) strain DC3000; AvrRpm1: Pst DC3000 carrying AvrRpm1; AvrRpt2: Pst DC3000 carrying AvrRpt2, AvrRps4: Pst DC3000 carrying AvrRps4; AvrPtoB: Pst DC3000 carrying AvrPtoB (*P< 0.01).
Fig 3.
Recovery of infected plants after inoculation with P. syringae AvrRps4.
Photos were taken from 58-day-old plants grown under short day (10/14 hr light/dark photoperiod).
Fig 4.
Sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds of WT, pap2 and overexpression lines OE7 and OE21 to jasmonic acid (JA) and benzoic acid (BA).
Seeds of OE lines along with pap2 and WT were germinated on MS or MS supplemented with 5 μM JA or 5 μM BA for 12 days. Note that OE lines are more resistant to JA treatment than WT, whereas the pap2 line was more susceptible than the WT.
Fig 5.
SA and JA levels in leaves of 3-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana plants.
Leaves were collected from 3-week-old WT (Col-0), pap2 mutant and OE lines (OE-7 and OE-21) plants. SA, JA, JA conjugated with isoleucine (JA-Ile) and JA precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) levels were determined by LC/MS. D6-SA and D5-JA were added as internal standards. *P< 0.05; **P< 0.01 by Student’s t-test.
Fig 6.
Relative expression of SA and JA defense pathway marker genes PR1 and PDF1.2, respectively, in the four lines (WT, pap2, OE7 and OE21) were determined by qRT-PCR at three time points (t = 0 hpi, t = 24 hpi and t = 48 hpi) after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 inoculation.
Samples were collected in three biological replicates (**P< 0.01), and the expression level in WT at each time point was set to 1 1 for normalization.