Fig 1.
Flow style diagram showing how the papers included in the review were identified.
Table 1.
Summary of results from the papers identified in the systematic review.
Table 2.
Details available from the studies used in the meta-analysis of the association between maternal smoking status and fetal ultrasound measurements.
Table 3.
Summary of meta-analyses relating maternal smoking to absolute and standardised second and third trimester fetal measurements.
Fig 2.
Mean z scores for femur length, abdominal circumference and biparietal diameter for fetuses exposed to maternal smoking relative to non-exposed fetuses.
The vertical lines correspond to 95% confidence intervals.
Fig 3.
Forest plots demonstrating the association between maternal smoking and fetal head size (biparietal diameter or head circumference) in the second trimester (panel A) or the third trimester (panel B).