Fig 1.
Fruit fly oviposition and rate of parasitism as a function of the presence of weaver ants.
Comparison between the number of eggs for the fruit fly species (A and B) and the proportion of parasitized eggs/larvae for the parasitoid species (C and D) in the presence (grey bars) and absence (white bars) of ants in field cage experiments. The bars represent the average number of eggs laid for the fruit flies and the proportion between the number of parasitized eggs/larvae and the total number of fruit fly eggs/larvae present in the fruit.
Fig 2.
Time allocation to fruits by fruit flies and their parasitoids as a function of the presence of weaver ants.
Proportion of time that both female flies (A and B) and parasitoids (C and D) spent on the fruit in the presence (grey bars) and the absence (white bars) of weaver ants during the observation cage experiments. The bars represent the proportion with the 95 percent confidence interval.
Fig 3.
Time allocated to a mango fruit by fruit flies and their parasitoids as a function of encounters with weaver ant workers.
Proportion of time that females spent on the mango dome as a function of the encounters with weaver ants on the fruit in Bactrocera dorsalis (A), Ceratitis cosyra (B), Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (C) and Fopius arisanus (D). The points represent the number of encounters per second within a single observation, transformed as a natural logarithm, and the line of the minimum adequate model as calculated by GLM with binomial distributed error, corrected for overdispersion (quasi binomial).
Fig 4.
Time allocated to a mango fruit by Ceratitis cosyra as a function of the number of weaver ants present.
Effect of the number of ants present on the mango per second on the proportion of fruit visit duration for Ceratitis cosyra as calculated by GLM with binomial distributed error, corrected for overdispersion (solid line). Data points represent the number of ants on the dome per second for each fly observation, transformed as a natural logarithm.
Table 1.
Factors affecting the latency to leave the fruit in presence of weaver ants.