Table 1.
Categorization of visual impairment.
Table 2.
Assignment of non-Landolt ring/Snellen acuity into logMAR values.
Fig 1.
Schematic flow chart of this study.
Table 3.
Types of trauma and patients' ages.
Fig 2.
Main causes, age of the patients, and final visual outcome of ocular injuries.
(A) Falls were the major cause (53.5%) of rupture injury. Accidents at work were major causes of penetrating injuries and IOFB, whereas falls were not or less relevant. (B) In the penetrating and IOFB groups, more patients were aged 0 to 19 years, 20 to 39 years, and 40 to 59 years, whereas in the ruptured ocular group, more patients were aged 60 years or older. (C) Among patients with penetrating and IOFB injuries, more than 60% of the eyes attained a visual acuity of 20/60 or more. On the other hand, more than 50% of the eyes with rupture injuries attained a final visual outcome of NLP or LP of 20/500. (D) There was a significant difference in the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) values between ruptured eyes and eyes with penetrating or IOFB injuries. Error bars indicate whole range of distribution. **P = 0.0017, ***P < 0.001 IOFB, intraocular foreign body; LP, light perception; NLP, no light perception.
Fig 3.
The difference in the final visual outcome depending on the lens damage.
(A) More than 40% of the patients who had IOL ejection, traumatic cataract, or lens dislocation with ruptured ocular injuries showed a visual outcome of 20/400 or better. On the other hand, more than 70% of the patients with crystalline lens ejection had a visual outcome of 20/500 or worse. (B) A significantly better final visual outcome (logMAR) was attained in ruptured eyes complicated by IOL ejection than in those complicated by crystalline lens ejection. *P = 0.048. Error bars indicate whole range of distribution. (C) The wound patterns appeared to be different depending on whether the eyes had a crystalline lens (no history of cataract surgeries) or IOL (history of cataract surgeries). Among 43 ruptured eyes, the eyes complicated by crystalline lens ejection (n = 21) showed traumatic wounds at the corneoscleral limbus and deeper zone of the sclera. In contrast, the traumatic wounds of the eyes complicated by IOL ejection (n = 10) were mostly located only around the corneoscleral limbus. The wounds of the ruptured eyes complicated by traumatic cataract and lens dislocation (no lens/IOL ejection, n = 9) were not located around the corneoscleral limbus. Wounds in the left eyes were projected as a mirror image and sketched on the right eye. IOL, intraocular lens; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.
Table 4.
The distribution of the ruptured eyes in age.
Table 5.
Ocular trauma score in each group.
Table 6.
Zones of injuries and the number of surgeries.
Table 7.
Results of multiple stepwise regression analysis for independence of factors contributing to the final logMAR visuals.