Fig 1.
Study’s flowchart for group distribution, group sizes as well as amount of missing data.
The shift-working group (SG) only consisted of nursing staff (male and female) from different wards of University Medicine Greifswald. They rotated through day-, evening- and night-shifts. The non-shift-working group (NG) included nurses that worked in outpatient departments, diagnostic units or solely on day-shift on the wards (NN), as well as office administrative staff (NO).
Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study population and respective subpopulations.
Fig 2.
Individual physical activity in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) in shift and non-shift workers and their subgroups.
A: induvial physical activity for overall time in METs. B: individual physical activity in METs during the working time The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. Working periods were identified using the test subject’s activity journal and analysed separately. The value of subjects’ individual METs was calculated by SWA’s attached software, through a special algorithm. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
Fig 3.
Overall steps per minute in non-shift and shift working group and subgroups.
The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. Steps per minute were calculated based on the ratio of overall steps and overall armband wearing time in minutes. Dotted line represents the 10000 steps per day boundary (i.e. 6.94 steps·min-1). NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.
Fig 4.
Boxplot of Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) in METS by groups and subgroups.
The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. The dotted lines bounds the limits for hypermetabolic state (REE>1.1 METs) and hypometabolic state (REE<0.9 METs). NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05
Fig 5.
Percentage of employees with disturbed sleeping quality due to Pittsburgh-Sleeping-Quality-Index (PSQI).
All test subjects with PSQI-score>5 in groups and subgroups were labelled as having a disturbed sleeping quality. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup.
Fig 6.
Percentage of different loads in stress categories according to TICS in groups and subgroups.
(WOL) work overload, (SOL) social overload, (PTP) pressure to perform, (WOD) work discontent, (EDW) excessive demands from work, (LSR) lack of social recognition, (SOT) social tensions, (SOI) social isolation, (CWO) chronic worrying, (SSC) stress screening scale. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.
Fig 7.
Daily energy (A) and fat intake (B) by groups and subgroups. Energy intake is calculated in kcal (A), fat intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.
Fig 8.
Daily carbohydrate (A) and sugar (B) intake by groups and subgroups. Carbohydrate (A) and sugar intake (B) as illustrated in percent. The boxes cover the first quartile on the bottom and the third quartile on the top. Whiskers reach from the minimum to the maximum value excluding outliers (illustrated by dots). Shift-working group and shift-working nursing-staff subgroup cover identical cohorts. NG, non-shift-working group; SG, shift-working group; SN, shift-working nursing-staff subgroup; NO, non-shift-working office-staff subgroup; NN, non-shift-working nursing-staff subgroup *p<0.05.