Table 1.
The five pre-treatments used prior to application of the adhesive system.
Fig 1.
Micro shear bond strength (μSBS [MPa]) of the ten groups (five pre-treatments without/with simulated pulpal pressure).
Table 2.
Distribution of failure modes after micro shear bond strength testing (n = 20/group).
Fig 2.
Scanning electron micrographs of representative dentin surfaces after no pre-treatment (A), pre-treatment with phosphoric acid (B), pre-treatment with pumice (C), pre-treatment with AIR-FLOW PLUS powder (D), and pre-treatment with AIR-FLOW PERIO powder (E).
Gold-palladium sputter coating (100 s, 50 mA; Balzers SCD 050, Balzers, Liechtenstein), 500× magnification (JEOL JSM6010PLUS/LV, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).