Fig 1.
Three Experimental Shoe Types.
(A) From left to right: Flat, Rocker-1, and Rocker-2; (B) Design of rocker shoe-sole; (C) Exploded diagram of rocker shoe-sole.
Fig 2.
(A)-(D) and (E)-(H) show results for walking and jogging, respectively. (A) and (E) show Bare. Relevant events include: HC (heel contact), P1 (first peak), PN (peak negative), P2 (second peak), TO (toe off), T1 (HC to P1 duration), T2 (P1 to P2 duration). (B) and (F) show the four types of foot-ground interface. (C) and (G) provide a comparison of Bare and Flat. (D) and (H) compare Bare, Rocker-1, and Rocker-2. Changes in force are indicated by vertical black arrows; changes in time are indicated by horizontal gray arrows.
Fig 3.
Changes in Angle Plotted Over Time.
(A) and (B) show the ankle angle for walking and jogging, respectively; changes in angle are indicated by vertical black arrows. (C) shows the influence of rocker shoe-soles on gait in walking; a, b, and c indicate the heel, ankle, and forefoot rotation, respectively, produced by barefoot locomotion; a', b', and c' indicate the rear curve rolling, extended ankle rotation, and front curve rolling, respectively, produced by rocker shoes locomotion. Changes in length are indicated by vertical bold and black arrows. (D) and (E) indicate the ankle angle and foot to floor angle at HC.
Table 1.
Normalized Values for Plantar Force and Duration (Mean ± Standard Error).
Table 2.
Comparison of Kinetics, Kinematics and Speed between Rocker-1 and Rocker-2.
Table 3.
Ankle Dorsiflexion and Foot to Floor Angle (Mean ± Standard Error).