Table 1.
Chemical composition and physical characteristics of the TE used.
Fig 1.
Comparison of scratch wound healing of human primary keratinocytes of various origins and under various culture conditions.
Closed wound area per visual field (mm2) of (A) diabetic versus non-diabetic keratinocytes at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h after wounding using K-SFM medium. n = 4 in duplicates (non-diabetic keratinocytes) and n = 3 in duplicates (diabetic keratinocytes) (B) Keratinocytes from juvenile donors under euglycaemic (6 mM glucose), hyperglycaemic (25 mM glucose) and hyperosmolar (6 mM glucose + 19 mM mannitol) conditions at 12 and 24 h after wounding in K-SFM, Dermalife and Epilife medium. n = 4 in duplicates. (C) Keratinocytes from adult, non-diabetic donors under euglycaemic (6 mM) and hyperglycaemic (25 mM) conditions 4, 8, 12, 24 and 36 h after wounding in K-SFM medium. n = 4 in duplicates. (D) Keratinocytes from juvenile donors under euglycaemic, hyperglycaemic and hyperosmolar conditions at 12 and 24 h after wounding in K-SFM without supplements. n = 4 in duplicates; mean ± SEM; *: statistically significant with p < 0.05.
Fig 2.
Ex-vivo porcine wound healing models cultured under euglycaemic, hyperglycaemic and hyperosmolar conditions.
(A) Length of the regenerated epidermis for the experimental settings with and without preincubation for 48 h prior to wounding under euglycaemic (6 mM glucose), hyperglycaemic (50 mM glucose) and hyperosmolar (6 mM glucose + 44 mM mannitol) conditions 48 h after wounding. n = 8 in triplicates; mean ± SEM; *: statistically significant with p < 0.05; (B) Yellow coloring of the skin biopsies cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions for a total of 96 h (48 h preincubation and 48 h after wounding).
Fig 3.
Influence of TE on reepithelialization of hyperglycaemic and hyperosmolaric ex-vivo models.
Length of the regenerated epidermis of porcine ex-vivo wound healing models that were treated with TE oleogel, W/O emulsion (60%) containing 10% TE oleogel, PDGF (120 ng/ml) or PBS directly after wounding for 48 h under hyperglycaemic or hyperosmolaric conditions (including preincubation); n = 16 in duplicates; mean ± SEM; *: statistically significant with p < 0.05.
Table 2.
Influence of TE on cytokine expression under various glucose concentrations (n = 4).