Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Fig 1.
Altered expression levels of collagen genes in dilated hearts.
(A) Bar graph comparing mRNA expression levels of collagen genes in dilated hearts (grey bars) vs. controls (dark bars). (B) Principal Component Analysis based on non-fibrillar collagen fold change values, shows a clear differentiation of the DCM and CNT groups. For RNA-seq analyses 13 LV samples from DCM patients were used. The values from the controls were set to 1. Bars display fold change (FC) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Results were considered statistically significant at *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. CNT.
Fig 2.
Classification of total collagen genes identified in RNA-seq analysis in dilated hearts.
Bar graph shows total collagen genes identified for each class (grey bars) with their corresponding altered genes (dark bars). FACIT, fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices; MACIT, membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices; MULTIPLEXIN, multiple triple-helix domains and interruptions. Collagen genes have been ordered according to the Shoulders, MD et. al., classification [10].
Table 2.
Expressed mRNA levels of molecular markers of proliferation, hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation in DCM patients.
Fig 3.
Protein expression levels of COL8A1, COL16A1, TGF-β1, and MMP2 in dilated cardiomyopathy.
Bar graph comparing protein levels of non-fibrillar collagens COL8A1 and COL16A1 (A), and TGF-β1 and MMP2 (B) levels in dilated hearts (grey bars) vs. controls (dark bars). For western blot analyses 28 LV samples from DCM patients were used. The values from the controls were set to 1. Bars display fold change (FC) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Results were considered statistically significant at *P < 0.05 vs. CNT.
Fig 4.
Relationship between collagen mRNA expression levels and remodeling parameters of DCM patients.
Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) vs. COL8A1 mRNA levels. Arbitrary units (au).
Table 3.
Relationships between the differentially expressed non-fibrillar collagens COL8A1 and COL16A1, and proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis molecular markers at mRNA and protein levels in DCM patients.