Table 1.
Demographic information.
Fig 1.
The splitting plane and its elements.
CM, CM1 and CM2 are the centres of mass of the volume and its sub-volumes, Pv and PSv the parent and parent sibling vectors, norm is the plane normal vector and child1 and child2 the two daughters extended along the lines passing through the centres of mass toward the edges of the lung.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the algorithm.
Fig 3.
The skeleton representation of the model as it appears when expanded to the edge of the relevant lobar confining spaces.
Table 2.
Number of acini and generations between trachea and terminal bronchioles.
Table 3.
The branching, diameter and length ratios for Horsfield order (RBH, RDH, RLH) and Strahler order (RBS, RDS, RLS) respectively.
Fig 4.
The interpolated number of airways per normalized a) Horsfield order and b) Strahler order for our model (blue ◆), the models of Tawhai et al. [28] (red ■) and Horsfield and Cumming [23] where available (green ▲). The vertical axis is shown in logarithmic scale.
Fig 5.
a) The diameter per generation D(j) for our model (blue ◆), the models of Soong et al. [24] (red ■), ICRP [3] (green ▲) and the data of Montaudon et al. [53] (purple x). The standard deviation obtained for our model is also displayed in the form of black limited lines. The vertical axis is shown in logarithmic scale. b) The length per generation L(j) for our model (blue ◆), the models of Soong et al. [24] (red ■), ICRP [3] (green ▲) and Phalen et al. [36] (purple x). The standard deviation obtained for our model is also displayed in the form of black limited lines. The vertical axis is shown in logarithmic scale. c) The branching angle per generation θ(j) for our model (blue ◆), the models of Yeh and Schum [1] (red ■), Phalen et al. [54] (green ▲) and Sauret et al. [55] (purple x). The standard deviation obtained for our model is also displayed in the form of black limited lines.
Fig 6.
The branching angle as a function of Strahler order for our model (blue) and the model of Tawhai et al. [31] (red).
The error bars are standard deviation.
Fig 7.
a) The average, major and minor child branching angle for our model (blue) and the model of Tawhai et al. [31] (red) and Bordas et al. [32] (green). The error bars are standard deviations. b) The statistical distribution of the branching angle in our model.
Fig 8.
The frequency distribution of the planar rotation angle in our model.
Fig 9.
Frequency distribution of the acinar volume for our model (blue) and the results of Haefeli-Bleuer and Weibel [35] (red).