Table 1.
Previously described antiretinal autoantibodies in serum of patients with paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy [1, 14, 15].
Table 2.
General characteristics of patients.
Fig 1.
Spectrum of antiretinal autoantibodies in patients suspected of paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy.
Blue: highly positive titer for the presence of antiretinal antibodies. Dark red: positive titer for the presence of antiretinal antibodies.
Table 3.
Prevalence of antiretinal autoantibodies in paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy, uveitis and cataract*.
Table 4.
Number of highly positive antiretinal autoantibodies per patient.
Fig 2.
Screening and validation for interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2.
(Left panel, A-D) The path from antigen design and generation to autoantibody screening in serum and secondly protein expression in retinal tissue. (A) Two antigens representing non-overlapping regions with either an extracellular or cytoplasmic location of IMPG2 were selected for recombinant protein expression (antigen 214 and 205 respectively, amino acids highlighted in black). (B) Detection of autoantibody reactivity with IMPG2 antigens using the antigen suspension bead array. Ratios > 25 are displayed per disease group for antigen 214 (left) and 205 (right). (C) The antigens were further used as antigens for immunization of rabbits to generate polyclonal antibodies. (D) Antibodies HPA015907 and HPA008779, affinity purified against antigens 214 and 205, were applied for immunohistochemical staining of human retina tissue. Both antibodies specifically showed cytoplasmic staining of cells in the photoreceptor layer in the retina (D, right). The antibody targeting the CP region of IMPG2 (HPA008779) stained only the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer, while HPA0015907 stained both inner and outer segment. EC; extracellular, CP; cytoplasmic, IMPG2; Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2. Color annotation for central panel: black; Human Protein Atlas antigens and antibodies, red; human sample serum and tissue and grey; assay consumables suspension bead array and labelled detection antibodies.