Fig 1.
Some important protected sites in the study area, along the upper and the lower Paraná River.
The inside frame indicates the location of the study.
Fig 2.
Density dependence function used in this model (solid line) and its uncertainty limits used in the sensitivity analysis (dashed lines).
In all models, the proportion of females that are breeding is 50% when population size (N) is small relative to carrying capacity. At carrying capacity, the proportion breeding is 32.9% (which gives an eigenvalue of 1.0; see text for details). The percent breeding declines as N increases, dropping to zero when N = 1.5∙K (1.25 to 1.75 used in the sensitivity analysis).
Fig 3.
Radio-collared female jaguar (Panthera onca) roadkill, Morro do Diabo State Park, Brazil.
Table 1.
Properties of jaguar populations in the upper Paraná-Paranapanema, Brazil.
Populations were identified by RAMAS GIS (see Fig 4).
Fig 4.
Spatial structure of jaguar populations identified by the model in the upper Paraná region.
Lighter shading indicates greater habitat suitability as given in Figure A in S1 Appendix. The polygons outline the populations. The population numbers correspond to those in Table 1, and in Figs 5 and 6.
Fig 5.
Impact of road mortality on jaguar population persistence: Number of years out of 100 that each population was extant, under no road mortality (0; light gray bars); estimated mortality (1x; dark gray bars); and twice the estimated mortality (2x; black bars).
Fig 6.
Effect of dispersal on population persistence: Number of years out of 100 that each population was extant under estimated mortality.
For several populations, model with no dispersal (black bars) resulted in much lower persistence than model with dispersal (gray bars).
Table 2.
Effects of road mortality rate for jaguar population.