Table 1.
The benchmark functions used in our experiments.
Table 2.
The parameter settings of the algorithms.
Table 3.
Results of unimodal benchmark functions.
Table 4.
Results of multi-modal benchmark functions.
Table 5.
Results of fixed-dimension multi-modal benchmark functions.
Table 6.
Basic Information of Benchmark Circuits.
Fig 1.
Sample graphs for convergence process comparison of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO over function f1.
Fig 2.
Sample graphs for convergence process comparison of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO over function f7.
Fig 3.
Sample graphs for convergence process comparison of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO over function f9.
Fig 4.
Sample graphs for convergence process comparison of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO over function f10.
Table 7.
Experimental results for d695 with different test pins.
Table 8.
Experimental results for p22810 with different test pins.
Table 9.
Experimental results for p93791 with different test pins.
Table 10.
Experimental results for hybrid systems hyd629 with different test pins.
Fig 5.
The boxplot of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO for d695.
Fig 6.
The boxplot of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO for p22810.
Fig 7.
The boxplot of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO for p93791.
Fig 8.
The boxplot of LFMVO, MVO, PSO, and MFO for hyb629.